2009 Current Events: U.S. News
Following are the key events in United States news for the months of January-December, 2009.
January 2009
Richardson Withdraws Nomination for secretary of commerce (Jan. 4): Governor Bill Richardson of New Mexico withdraws his name as the Secretary of Commerce nominee under President-elect Barack Obama. Richardson cites a current investigation of a company with which the New Mexican government did business. Richardson claims his office has acted appropriately but felt the investigation would delay the confirmation process.
Panetta Named CIA director (Jan. 5): President-elect Barack Obama names Leon Panetta, the former U.S. representative from California and chief of staff to President Clinton, as the next head of the Central Intelligence Agency. The choice is met with surprise and criticism, as Republicans and Democrats alike question whether Panetta's political experience has prepared him for the role. Obama defends the choice, citing a desire to alter current practices in the agency.
111th Congress Sworn In, Convenes (Jan. 6): The newly elected and reelected members of the Senate and House of Representatives are sworn in as part of the 111th Congress. Roland Burris is not allowed to participate in the process, pending outstanding paperwork in the matter of his appoinment by Ill. Gov. Rod Blagojevich who stands accused of attempting to sell the empty Senate seat. Democrats retain their control of both houses, with 55 Democratic Senators and 262 Democratic Representatives. (Jan. 12): Senate Democrats clear the way for Roland Burris to assume Barack Obama's vacated seat in the U.S. Senate. Senate leaders Harry Reid and Dick Durbin declare that Burris will be seated later in the week. The rest of Congress was sworn in on January 6.
Panel Recommends Impeaching Blagojevich (Jan. 8): Impeachment of Gov. Rod Blagojevich, accused of trying to sell President-elect Barack Obama's vacated Senate seat, is recommended by an investigative committee of the Illinois House. The vote was unanimous and claims Blagojevich abused power. (Jan. 9): Illinois House of Representatives votes to impeach Gov. Blagojevich, a move unprecedented in that state. (Jan. 26) Blagojevich's impeachment trial begins, without the governor present. Blagojevich instead chooses to conduct interviews in hopes of convincing the public of his innocence. The trial includes playing the recorded telephone conversations that were the initial cause of Blagojevich's arrest. (Jan. 29): The Illinois State Senate unanimously votes to remove Rod Blagojevich from office. It's the first time in state history a governor has been forcibly removed from his seat, and only the eighth time in American history.
Obama's Mother-in-Law Will Live in White House (Jan. 9): President-elect Barack Obama announces his mother-in-law, Marian Robinson, will be living in White House with the new first family, at least temporarily. Robinson has been helping the Obamas with their daughters Malia and Sasha while they have been campaigning and transitioning to the White House.
Former "Sopranos" Actor Sentenced to 10 Years (Jan. 9): Former actor on TV's "Sopranos," Lillo Brancato Jr., is sentenced to 10 years in prison for attempted burglary. He was involved in a 2005 shooting in New York City that left a police officer dead. He could be released in as few as 5 years, with 3 1/2 years time served.
Treasury Secretary Nominee Questioned on Taxes (Jan. 13): Timothy Geithner, President-elect Barack Obama's nominee for Treasury Secretary, failed to pay taxes from 2001 to 2004 on his salary from the International Monetary Fund, which was classified as self-employment. The matter has been resolved—Geithner paid back the taxes, with interest—but it is an embarrassment for someone who would be the head of the Internal Revenue Service. (Jan. 27) After a brief confirmation trial, Timothy Geithner is confirmed as the Secretary of Treasury, despite early concerns about his tax history. Most members of the Senate agreed Geithner's tax mistakes were accidental and minimal.
Federal Intelligence Court Rules Government Wiretapping Legal (Jan. 15): The federal intelligence court rules that phone and Internet wiretapping is legal. This ruling validates but does not officially endorse President's George W. Bush's use of wiretapping throughout his administration, which he called necessary for fighting terrorism.
Senate Releases Additional Bailout Fund to Obama (Jan. 15): The Senate votes to release the second half of the Federal bailout money, $350 million, to aid President-elect Obama's economic plan. The final vote was 52 to 42, with 46 Democrats and 6 Republicans voting in favor of the bill.
Plane Crashes into Hudson River; All 155 Aboard Alive (Jan. 15): After allegedly striking a flock of geese, US Airways Flight 1549, en route from La Guardia Airport, New York City, to Charlotte, N.C., is forced to land in the Hudson River. All 150 passengers and 5 crew members survived. About half of the passengers on board were treated for hypothermia; the worst injury is a pair of broken legs. The plane is secured off the coast of Manhattan pending an investigation into the cause of the crash. (Jan. 18) The US Airways plane is removed from the Hudson river, and the flight recorder and the cockpit voice recorder are recovered.
Salmonella Outbreak Linked to Peanut Butter (Jan. 20): Six people have been killed and over 470 sickened by a salmonella outbreak linked to peanut butter. Following the January 10 recall of peanut butter by producer King Nut, many other companies have recalled peanut butter products. King Nut peanut butter is not sold directly to consumers, but to other companies who may use it in their products. The recall has led several grocery store chains to pull all products containing peanut butter from their shelves.
Obama, Biden Sworn into Office (Jan. 20): Hundreds of thousands of people watched in front of the Capitol as President Barack Obama and Vice-President Joe Biden are sworn into office. The inauguration featured an invocation by Pastor Rick Warren, music sung by Aretha Franklin and performed by Anthony McGill, a poetry reading by Elizabeth Alexander, and a benediction by Reverend Joseph Lowery. Finally, the national anthem is performed by the U.S. Navy band, the Sea Chanters. President Obama is the first African-American president in U.S. history.
Hillary Rodham Clinton Confirmed as Secretary of State (Jan. 21): Barack Obama's former rival for the Democratic presidential nomination, Hillary Rodham Clinton, has been confirmed as the new president's pick of secretary of state. After a smooth hearing, Clinton is confirmed by a vote of 94-2. (Jan. 21): Caroline Kennedy has dropped out of the race for Secretary Clinton's now-vacant senate seat in New York. The new senator will be appointed by N.Y. Governor David Paterson. An early front-runner, Kennedy's difficulty communicating with the media and spotty voting record had lately put her out of favor with some New Yorkers. She cites "personal reasons" as her cause for withdrawing. (Jan. 23): Kirsten Gillibrand, second-term Democratic representative from New York, is chosen as Hillary Clinton's replacement in the Senate. Gov. Paterson's decision is met with surprise by some—Gillibrand is relatively unknown in New York—and anger by others; the National Rifle Association has endorsed Gillibrand in the past, a relationship seemingly at odds for a Democratic member of Congress.
Secret Prisons and Detention Camps Ordered Closed (Jan. 22): President Obama signed executive orders closing all secret prisons and detention camps run by the CIA—including the infamous Guantánamo Bay prison in Cuba—and banning coercive interrogation methods. The president expects it will be many months before all of the prisons can be closed and the prisoners moved to new locations.
Octuplets Born to California Woman (Jan. 27): A California woman gave birth to eight babies in California; they are only the second set of octuplets ever to be born alive in America. There are six boys and two girls, with birth weights ranging from a pound and half to just over three pounds. All babies were declared healthy.
Obama Signs Equal-Pay Legislation (Jan. 29): President Obama signed his first bill into law: the Lilly Ledbetter Fair Pay Act, an equal-pay act. The law expands workers' rights to sue in pay disputes.
Republicans Choose First Black National Committee Chairman (Jan. 31): Michael Steele was selected by the Republican National Committee to be the new chairman. He is the first African-American to hold that position. Steele was formerly a lieutenant governor of Maryland.
February 2009
Serena Williams, Rafael Nadal Win Australian Open (Feb. 1): American Serena Williams wins her fourth Australian Open title against Russian Dinara Safina. Rafael Nadal, from Spain, pulls ahead of Swiss player Roger Federer, to win the final match.
Steelers Win the Superbowl; Holmes MVP (Feb. 1): In a tightly fought race for the title of Superbowl 43 Champions, the Pittsburgh Steelers defeat the Arizona Cardinals 27-23. Both teams held leads during the game; the Cardinals came back from a 13-point deficit in the fourth quarter, only to lose in the final seconds to the Steelers. MVP nod goes to Steelers' player Santonio Holmes, who caught the winning touchdown.
GOP Senator Judd Gregg Nominee for Commerce Secretary (Feb. 2): In a demonstration of his willingness to work closely with members of the opposite party, President Obama names Judd Gregg, a Republican senator from New Hampshire, as his nominee for commerce secretary. This is the last position available in his cabinet; former nominee Bill Richardson withdrew his name in January following an ethics investigation. New Hampshire governor John Lynch, a Democrat, says he will respect Gregg's wishes to fill his vacant Senate seat with a Republican, assuming Gregg is confirmed in the cabinet position. If Gregg were replaced by a Democrat, it would change the political makeup of the Senate significantly. (Feb. 12): Judd Gregg withdraws his nomination for commerce secretary, citing fundamental differences with the Obama administration on the economic stimulus plan. Gregg is the fourth person nominated by Obama for a cabinet position to later end that bid. (Feb. 25): Former Washington governor Gary Locke is the new nominee for President Obama's secretary of commerce position. Locke is the third pick for this position. America's first Chinese-American governor, Locke also served five terms in the Washington state House of Representatives.
Daschle Withdraws Name for Cabinet Position (Feb. 3): Former senator Tom Daschle, President Obama's pick for secretary of health and human services, ends his bid for the nomination. Daschle had failed to pay approximately $128,000 in taxes for using a friend's car service and had been under intense scrutiny by the media for several days. Daschle claims his failure to pay was inadvertent, yet he does not want to distract from the administration's goal and felt it necessary to withdraw. He is also stepping down as the nation's first health care czar. (Feb. 28): Kathleen Sebelius, governor of Kansas and longtime supporter of President Barack Obama, is the new pick for the cabinet position Secretary of Health and Human Services.
A-Rod Admits to Using Performance Enhancers (Feb. 9): Acclaimed Yankees pitcher Alex Rodriguez has admits to using a performance-enhancing substance in the past. This confession follows a leaked report that Rodriguez tested positive for steroids during a 2003 survey. At the time, such drugs were illegal but Major League Baseball claimed there would be no penalties for participating in the survey.
Oklahoma Tornado Kills Nine (Feb. 10): Nine people were killed in Oklahoma following a strong tornado that tore through the town of Lone Grove. Emergency workers prepare for the possibility of more casualties as they sift through the rubble left behind.
Plane Crash near Buffalo, N.Y. Kills 50 (Feb. 12): Continental Connection Flight 3407 from Newark Airport to Buffalo, N.Y. crashes into a house in Clarence Center, N.Y., killing all passengers and crew on board, an off-duty pilot on the flight, and one person in the home. Two others in the home suffered minor injuries. The cause of the crash remains unknown, though there were reports of ice build-up during the flight. The pilot did not make a distress call. Witnesses at the scene say the plane burst into flames on impact. (Feb. 18): Investigations into the cause of the crash of Continental Connection Flight 3407 suggest that crew error may have been at least partially to blame. In recreating the events of the crash, investigators believe that the crew overcompensated for an automatic system that prevents the plane from flying too slowly.
Burris Admits Blagojevich Asked Him to Donate (Feb. 14): In a reversal from previous testimony about the Blagojevich impeachment proceedings, Roland Burris, now the junior senator from Illinois, admits that the former governor's brother contacted him in a request for campaign funds. (Feb. 15): Republican lawmakers in the state of Illinois are asking Burris to resign as senator and that an investigation be made into whether he committed perjury during his testimony at Blagojevich's impeachment trial. (Feb. 17): The United States Senate Ethics Committee and an Illinois prosecutor have begun investigations into Burris' contact with Blagojevich before the former governor was arrested. Burris' shifting explanations of his dealings with Blagojevich are causing alarm among the private citizens and lawmakers of Illinois. (Feb. 24): Illinois senator Richard Durbin has met with Burris in an attempt to convince the junior senator to resign from his post. According to Durbin, Burris refused.
Release of 17 Prisoners Stopped by Appeals Court (Feb. 18): Washington's federal appeals court has stopped the release of 17 detainees from the Guatánamo Bay prison in Cuba, overturning a judge's orders from October. President Obama, who has underscored his desire to close down the prison as soon as possible, will still have the right to relocate the prisoners. The argument among the three-judge panel, who voted 2–1 on this case, is over habeas corpus, which is the legal term for a prisoner's right to challenge the basis of his imprisonment and ask for a valid reason for detainment from the government.
Obama Makes First Congressional Address, Stresses Urgent Action (Feb. 24): In his first address as president to a joint session of Congress, President Obama spoke of the necessity of immediate action to resurrect the flailing economy. He outlined his plans for investing in energy, health care, and education, while warning that the government bailouts are most likely unfinished.
Obama Reveals 2010 Budget (Feb. 26): President Obama revealed his budget for the 2010 fiscal year, which totals over $3 trillion. He claims the aim of the budget is to halve the federal deficit by the end of his term in office. The budget includes substantial spending in health care reform, education, and renewable energy, which were also the major focus of his first presidential address. The end of tax cuts for families making more than $250,000, which are set to expire in 2010, will be among the places Obama expects to see an increase in revenue.
Obama Announces Date to End Iraq War (Feb. 27): In front of a crowd of Marines in Camp Lejeune, North Carolina, President Obama announced his intention to withdraw most American troops out of Iraq by August 31, 2010. As many as 50,000 troops will remain there for smaller missions and to train Iraqi soldiers. Camp Lejeune is the largest marine camp on the East Coast, and 8,000 troops there will soon be shipped to Afghanistan.
March 2009
Three of Four Still Missing After Boat Capsizes (Mar. 2): One boater is found alive after a boat, owned by NFL player Marquis Cooper, capsized during a fishing trip. The others on the boat included NFL player Corey Smith and former college football player, William Bleakley and Nick Schuyler. Schuyler was found alive and still in the water, wearing a life vest and holding onto the overturned boat. The four men reportedly went fishing on calm waters Saturday but encountered high winds and waves later in the day. (Mar. 3): The U.S. Coast Guard calls off the search for the remaining boaters, missing since February 28. The families of the missing men vow to continue their own search.
CIA Destroys 92 Interrogation Tapes (Mar. 2): In a letter submitted by federal prosecutors, the Central Intelligence Agency is accused of destroying 92 tapes recording harsh interrogation proceedings with suspected members of the al Qaeda terrorist organization. Jose A. Rodriguez Jr., former head of the agency's clandestine service, ordered the tapes destroyed.
Mass Transit Use in 2008 Highest Since 1956 (Mar. 9): More people used mass transportation, such as buses, subways, and trains, in 2008 than in any other year since 1956, according to a report by the American Public Transportation Association. High gas prices contributed to the increase in usage, though ridership remained steady as the average price of gas dropped from $4 per gallon to less than $2.
Gunman in Alabama Kills 10, Himself (Mar. 10): An Alabama man on a shooting spree kills at least 10 people, including several members of his own family, before shooting himself. The man, identified by witnesses as Michael McLendon, reportedly burned down his mother's house, with her inside, before driving to the residence of his grandparents, aunt, and uncle and shooting them all, then turning on neighbors and other bystanders in the area. McLendon, chased by the police, then drove to a former place of employment before shooting himself. All the deaths occurred in the towns of Samson and Geneva, Alabama.
New Mexico Abolishes Death Penalty (Mar. 18): New Mexico Governor Bill Richardson signs legislation to repeal the death penalty in his state. Lethal injection will be replaced with life in prison without parole. New Mexico is the second state to ban the death penalty since 1976, when the United States Supreme Court reinstated it.
Obama Reveals Plan for Afghanistan, Pakistan (Mar. 20): President Obama reveals his plans for fighting al Qaeda and the Taliban in Afghanistan and Pakistan. He will be sending additional troops to Afghanistan, increasing the amount of aid to Pakistan, and setting benchmarks for progress in the fight against the two terrorist organizations. Both Democrats and Republicans in Congress are reacting favorably to the plan.
Plane Crash Kills 14 in Montana (Mar. 22): A small private plane carrying three families with small children crashed in Montana. The group was from California. The cause of the crash is undetermined.
Fargo Residents Forced to Evacuate as Flood Waters Rise (Mar. 27): Residents of a Fargo, North Dakota neighborhood are evacuating due to rising flood waters from the Red River. The water levels are at their highest levels in history. Thousands of National Guard members and local volunteers have spent the last few days building dikes of sandbags to prevent the river from destroying homes. Bitterly cold temperatures have increased officials' concerns for the stability of the dikes.
Gunman Kills 8 at N.C. Nursing Home (Mar. 29): A man opened fire at a nursing home in Carthage, North Carolina, killing 7 patients and a nurse. Several others were injured. The gunman, identified as Robert Stewart, was detained at the scene after being wounded during the shooting. (Mar. 30): The ex-wife of gunman Robert Stewart has been identified as an employee of the nursing home in which her husband killed 8 people. The relationship may be the motive of the attack, although police are unable to reveal any more details at this time. Stewart faces 8 counts of first-degree murder.
April 2009
Charges Against Ted Stevens Dropped (Apr. 1): The Justice Department moves to drop all charges against former Alaska Senator Ted Stevens. Stevens was convicted of seven felony counts of ethics violations shortly before the Nov. 2008 election, which he narrowly lost. The Justice Department accused the case's prosecutors of misconduct during the investigation and asked for the charges to be dismissed.
Rod Blagojevich Indicted on 16 Felony Counts of Corruption (Apr. 2): Rod Blagojevich, the former governor of Illinois charged with attempting to sell President Obama's vacated senate seat to the highest bidder, is indicted on 19 charges, 16 of them felonies.
Iowa Supreme Court Rejects Law Banning Gay Marriage (Apr. 3):. The Iowa Supreme Court unanimously rejects a state law banning same-sex marriage. Six gay couples had filed a lawsuit against Polk County, Iowa. In 21 days, county recorders will be required to issue marriage licenses to same-sex couples. Iowa will be the third state to allow same-sex marriages, after Massachusetts and Connecticut. California recently passed a similar measure, only to have a constitutional amendment disallowing same-sex marriage approved by voters in Nov. 2008. (Apr. 27): Same-sex couples are granted marriage licenses for the first time in Iowa. Despite concerns by local officials about angry protests, the mood proved lowkey in much of the state. By the end of the day, more than 200 couples applied for marriage licenses.
At Least 14 Dead in New York Hostage Situation (Apr. 3): At least 14 people, including the gunman, are dead and more are injured after a man opens fire at an immigration services building in Binghamton, N.Y. He later killed himself. At one point, two people were taken from the building in plastic handcuffs, but it is unknown whether they are under arrest. About 40 people were trapped inside the building for several hours. (Apr. 4): The gunman, identified as Vietnamese immigrant Jiverly Wong, 41, was recently laid off from his job, and living on unemployment benefits.
Three Pittsburgh Policeman Killed on Duty (Apr. 4): Two police officers in Pittsburgh, Penn. were shot to death after responding to a domestic disturbance call between a mother and son. A third policeman, arriving to help the first two officers, was also killed. The shooter, Richard Poplawski, is charged with three counts of criminal homicide and nine counts of attempted homicide, for the 8 police officers shot at and one injured at the scene.
North Carolina Wins N.C.A.A. Men's Basketball Championship (Apr. 6): In the N.C.A.A. men's basketball tournament final, the North Carolina Tar Heels cruise to victory against the Michigan State Spartans. The final score is 89–72.
Vermont Legalizes Same-Sex Marriage (Apr. 7): Vermont becomes the fourth U.S. state to legalize same-sex marriage, just days after Iowa becomes the third. The legislature votes to override Governor Jim Douglas's veto of a bill allowing same-sex couples to marry, nine years after the state became the first in the nation to allow civil unions. Vermont is the first state legislature to legalize the practice; the other three U.S. states' approval of same-sex marriage came from the courts. Vermont will begin issuing marriage licenses to same-sex couples in September.
Connecticut Beats Louisville for N.C.A.A. Women's Basketball Championship (Apr. 7): In the final game of the women's N.C.A.A. basketball tournament, Connecticut beats Louisville 76–54. The University of Connecticut was undefeated for the season. This is their sixth national title.
Somali Pirates Hijack American Ship, Take Captain Hostage (Apr. 8): For the first time, an American vessel is hijacked by Somali pirates off the Horn of Africa. Pirates take the ship's captain, Richard Phillips, hostage. The ship, the Maersk Alabama, was carrying food and other aid products for the World Food Program. (Apr. 12): U.S. Navy SEAL snipers, positioned on the fantail of the destroyer Bainbridge, kill three pirates and free Capt. Richard Phillips, ending the five-day ordeal in the Indian Ocean.
Ángel Cabrera Wins Masters Tournament (Apr. 12): Argentina's Ángel Cabrera wins the Masters golf tournament in a three-way playoff against Chad Campbell of Texas and Kenny Perry of Kentucky. Cabrera's final score was a 12-under-par total of 276.
Obama Loosens Restrictions on Travel to Cuba (Apr. 13): President Obama announces that Cuban-Americans will no longer be restricted from visiting and sending money home to family. American companies will also be able to provide telephone services to Cuba. The original embargo will remain in effect until Congress votes otherwise.
U.S. Declares Public Health Emergency Over Swine Flu Outbreak (Apr. 26): After confirming 20 cases of swine flu in the United States, including eight in New York City, the U.S. declares the outbreak a public health emergency. None of the cases in the U.S. have resulted in death; only one person has been hospitalized. Several schools across the nation have been closed in an attempt to isolate those who are infected. The strain of the virus is milder than the one found in Mexico. (Apr. 27): The European Union's health commissioner warns against nonessential travel to the U.S. and Mexico, due to the possibility of contracting and spreading swine flu. Mexico is believed to be the epicenter of the outbreak, with confirmed cases in the U.S., Canada, Spain, France, and New Zealand. (Apr. 29): The swine flu in the U.S. has claimed its first victim, a 22-month-old Mexican child visiting Texas with family. There are currently 91 cases of swine flu in the U.S., spread across 10 states.
Senator Specter Will Run as Democrat in 2010 (Apr. 28): Senator Arlen Specter (Pennsylvania) announces he will run as a Democrat in the 2010 elections. A Republic senator for 29 years, Specter is known for his moderate views, often breaking from the party line. His shift to the opposing party could create a filibuster-proof majority in the Senate; with 58 Democratic senators currently in Congress, and Al Franken's expected victory in Minnesota pending, Spector would become the 60th member of the Senate voting with Democrats.
Justice Souter Stepping Down from Supreme Court (Apr. 30): After 19 years, Justice David H. Souter is retiring from the U.S. Supreme Court when the current term ends in June. Appointed by President George H. W. Bush, a Republican, in 1990, Souter began his term with moderate political leanings, but turned more liberal-minded as years passed. This will be the first Supreme Court pick for President Obama.
May 2009
Longshot Mine That Bird Wins Kentucky Derby (May 2): A 50–1 longshot, Mine That Bird, ridden by jockey Calvin Borel, wins the Kentucky Derby. The team took 2 minutes 2.66 seconds to finish the 1.25 mile race. It's the second-biggest upset in Kentucky Derby history. Borel won the Derby in 2007 as well, with the horse Street Sense.
Maine Legalizes Same-Sex Marriage (May 6): Gov. John Baldacci of Maine signs a bill legalizing same-sex marriage, despite his earlier position against the law. The governor cites a desire to uphold constitutional rights as his reason for signing the bill. The law will not go into effect until this summer, but opponents vow to petition and overturn the law. Baldacci supports the people's right to decide.
Iran Releases Jailed American Journalist (May 11): Roxana Saberi, an Iranian-American journalist arrested in Iran in January, is released from prison. She was arrested on charges of spying for Washington and initially sentenced to eight years in prison, but her sentence was reduced to a two-year suspended sentence. She is allowed to leave Iran immediately, if she desires.
U.S. Soldier Kills 5 Comrades on American Base (May 11): An American soldier being treated at a counseling center in Baghdad kills 5 fellow servicemen. The shooter, Sgt. John M. Russell, is serving his third tour in Iraq, and had been ordered recently to undergo psychological counseling and relinquish his gun. The shooting occurred at Camp Liberty, a large American military base.
Top U.S. Commander in Afghanistan Fired (May 11): Gen. David McKiernan, the top U.S. commander in Afghanistan, is fired and replaced by Lt. Gen. Stanley McChrystal. McKiernan has been the leader in the war-torn country for less than a year; Defense Secretary Robert Gates claims McKiernan brought too conventional an approach to the war and the Pentagon wanted a more innovative leader.
Obama Picks New Director of C.D.C. (May 15): President Obama announces his choice for the new director of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (C.D.C.), Dr. Thomas R. Frieden. Frieden is currently the New York City health commissioner and is a specialist in infectious diseases. He will take office next month.
Rachel Alexandra Wins Preakness (May 16): Rachel Alexandra, ridden by Kentucky Derby-winning jockey Calvin Borel, wins the Preakness by a length. She is the first filly to win the race in 85 years.
Obama Announces Stricter Emissions Regulations (May 18): President Obama announces new, stricter regulations on auto emissions and mileage standards, which will go into effect beginning in 2012. The regulations are similar to the ones currently in place in California.
Senate Passes Bill to Restrict Credit Card Practices (May 19): The Senate votes to pass stricter regulations on the credit card industry, in a bill that includes making agreements easier to understand and treating customers more fairly. The bill passes with a 90–5 vote in the Senate, following a 357–70 vote in the House.
Obama Nominates Sotomayor as Supreme Court Judge (May 26): President Obama announces his nomination of New York federal appeals judge Sonia Sotomayor to the Supreme Court. Justice David Souter announced last month his intention to retire at the end of the current session, leaving a opening in the Court. If confirmed, Sotomayor will be the first Hispanic Supreme Court justice.
California Court Upholds Ban on Same-Sex Marriage (May 26): The California Supreme Court upholds the ban on same-sex marriage, solidifying the vote made by California residents last November. The 18,000 same-sex couples who were married before the ban went to effect are still legally married, however. The state still allows civil unions.
Reknowned Abortion Doctor Killed in Church (May 31): George Tiller, a doctor famous for being one of of a few physicians in the U.S. who performs late-term abortions, is killed while in his Kansas church. He is shot while handing out bulletins in the church foyer. A suspect is arrested soon after the shooting and will be charged with murder, say police.
June 2009
New Hampshire Governor Signs Same-Sex Marriage Bill (June 3): New Hampshire governor John Lynch signs legislation allowing same-sex marriage. It will go into effect in January 2010. The law stipulates that religious organizations and their employees will not be required to participate in the ceremonies. New Hampshire is the sixth state in the nation to allow same-sex marriage.
Obama Speaks of an Alliance With Muslims During A Speech In Egypt (June 4): In a risky speech during a visit to Cairo, Egypt, President Obama calls for "a new beginning between the United States and Muslims around the world," asking for new alliances based on mutual respect and common interests.
Summer Bird Wins Belmont Stakes (June 6): Summer Bird and jockey Kent Desormeaux win the Belmont Stakes, disrupting jockey Calvin Borel's streak of wins in the other two legs of the Triple Crown.
Shooting at Holocaust Museum Kills Guard (June 10): A shooting at the entrance of the Holocaust Museum in Washington, D.C. leaves security guard Stephen T. Johns dead and the alleged shooter critically injured. The alleged gunman is James W. von Brunn, an 88-year-old white supremacist.
Congress Passes Tobacco Regulation Bill (June 12): Both the Senate and the House of Representatives pass a bill that, once signed by President Obama, will allow the Food and Drug Administration to regulate tobacco products. The FDA will be able to set product standards and also ban some chemical additives in cigarettes.
L.A. Lakers Defeat Orlando Magic for N.B.A. Championship Title (June 14): The Los Angeles Lakers defeat the Orlando Magic 99–86, winning their 15th N.B.A. championship title. Lakers star Kobe Bryant takes home the M.V.P. trophy after scoring 30 points in the winning game.
U.S. Extending Benefits to Same-Sex Partners of Employees (June 17): President Obama will sign a referendum allowing the same-sex partners of federal employees to receive benefits. They will not be allowed full health coverage, however. This is Obama's first major initiative in his campaign promise to improve gay rights.
Supreme Court Ruling: Inmates Don't Have Rights to DNA Tests (June 18): The Supreme Court rules in a 5–4 decision that prisoners have no right to a DNA test to prove their innocence long after they are convicted of a crime. The Court claims that most states already have laws in effect concerning DNA testing, so a federal law is unnecessary.
Golfer Lucas Glover Wins U.S. Open (June 22): Lucas Glover wins his first U.S. Open victory, beating fan favorite Phil Mickelson, who is awarded the runner-up status for the fifth time at the tournament. This is Glover's first PGA Tour victory since 2005.
D.C. Subway Train Crash Kills Nine (June 22): At least nine people are killed and 75 others wounded in a crash involving two subway trains in the Washington, D.C. Metro public transportation system. This is the deadliest crash in Metro history. One train reportedly rear-ended a stopped train, both on the subway's Red Line. Both mechanical failure and driver error are among the issues being investigated. The driver of the moving train is among those killed.
SC Governor Admits to Lying, Affair (June 25): South Carolina governor Mark Sanford admits to lying to staff about his recent disappearance to cover up his year-long extramarital affair with a woman in Argentina. When the media notices he is not at work, Sanford's aides announce the governor was hiking the Appalachian trail for several days, when in actuality he was in Buenos Aires, reportedly ending his relationship. After his lies are discovered, he apologizes to his family and to his constituents in South Carolina for his actions.
Michael Jackson "King of Pop" Dies (June 25): Michael Jackson, lifelong musician, pop singer, and superstar, dies at age 50. He is found unconscious in his home, then rushed to a Los Angeles hospital where he is pronounced dead. The cause of death is still unknown. Jackson was scheduled to perform in 50 sold-out concerts in London over the next year.
Court Rules Franken Wins Senate Seat (June 30): Nearly eight months after the election and a long battle over a recount, the Minnesota Supreme Court rules that Al Franken (Dem.) wins the U.S. senate seat for Minnesota. The final recount gives Franken a 312-vote lead. His rival, Norm Coleman (Rep.) concedes. Franken's win gives the Democrats in the Senate the filibuster-proof 60-seat majority they have been hoping for.
July 2009
Alaska Gov. Sarah Palin Announces Resignation (July 3): Sarah Palin, the first-term Republican governor of Alaska and former vice-presidential candidate, announces her resignation. The move shocks politicians from both parties. Palin cites a desire to spend more time with her family and a lack of interest in running for reelection in 2010. She will relinquish control to Lt. Gov, Sean Parnell on July 26.
Cheney Ordered CIA Secrecy (July 11): The Central Intelligence Agency kept a counterterrorism project secret from the U.S. Congress for eight years, following the orders of former vice president Dick Cheney. C.I.A. director Leon Panetta ended the program when he learned of it June 23.
Supreme Court Confirmation Hearings Begin for Sotomayor (July 13): Congressional hearings for the confirmation of President Obama's Supreme Court nominee, Sonia Sotomayor, begin. Support and dissent for her nomination follow party lines. Sotomayor would be the first Hispanic Supreme Court justice and the third woman to hold that position.
Senate Votes to Strip $1.75 Billion for Fighter Jets Out of Spending Bill (July 21): In a huge political win for President Obama, the Senate votes 58–40 to strip $1.75 billion from a military authorization bill that would have otherwise funded new F-22 fighter jets. Obama called the earmarked money wasteful spending and vowed to veto the bill if the stipulation was included.
Three N.J. Mayors, Among Others, Arrested on Corruption Charges (July 23): After a two-year federal investigation, 44 people, including three New Jersey mayors, five rabbis, and two state assemblyman, are arrested on charges of corruption and international money-laundering. The investigation was aided by the cooperation of Solomon Dwek, a N.J. resident and police informant. Dwek was arrested in 2006 on charges of bank fraud.
Senate Judiciary Committee Endorses Sotomayor (July 28): The Senate Judiciary Committee votes 13–6 to endorse Sonya Sotomayor as the next Supreme Court justice. Only one Republican, South Carolina's Lindsey Graham, votes in favor of her nomination.
August 2009
Ex-Representative William Jefferson Convicted in Bribery Scheme (Aug. 5): Former Louisiana representative William Jefferson is convicted of 11 counts of bribery, racketeering and money laundering. He will be sentenced on October 20 and could serve as many as 20 years in prison.
Sotomayor Confirmed to U.S. Supreme Court (Aug. 6): The Senate approves, 68 to 31, the nomination of Sonia Sotomayor to the U.S. Supreme Court. She's the first Hispanic Supreme Court justice and the third woman to serve on the Court. President Barack Obama praised the confirmation as “breaking yet another barrier and moving us yet another step closer to a more perfect union.” (Aug. 8): Sotomayor becomes the country's 111th Supreme Court justice as she's sworn in by Chief Justice John Roberts.
Helicopter and Small Plane Crash Over Hudson, Killing Nine (Aug. 8): A small private plane carrying three people and a tourist helicopter with six on board collide midair over the Hudson River, killing all passengers and crew members. The cause of the crash is not yet known.
CIA Hired Contract Assassins to Kill Jihadists (Aug. 19): In 2004, the CIA hired contract killers from the controversial organization Blackwater USA to assassinate top jihadist members of al Qaeda. The hirings were part of a top secret program of planning, training, and surveillance, and cost the U.S. agency millions of dollars. No terrorists were captured or killed as a result of this program.
Kennedy Requests Change in Procedure for Filling His Seat (Aug. 20): Democratic senator Ted Kennedy, terminally ill with brain cancer, requests a change to Massachusetts law to allow Governor Deval Patrick to appoint a temporary replacement upon Kennedy's death, until the special election can be held. Kennedy has been a long-time supporter of health care reform, which is currently under debate in Congress, and understands the importance of another democratic vote in favor of the overhaul. (Aug. 25): Senator Edward "Ted" Kennedy, a fixture in the Senate for 46 years, dies of brain cancer at the age of 77. Kennedy was elected as a Democrat to the U.S. Senate in Massachusetts; he filled the vacated seat of his brother, then-president John F. Kennedy.
A.G. Eric Holder Names Prosecutor in CIA Abuse Cases (Aug. 24): Attorney General Eric Holder names prosecutor John H. Durham to investigate the CIA's abuse of prisoners and the cover up that followed. Holder's decision follows the recommmendation of the Justice Department's ethics office, which asked for a review of the interrogation methods used in several cases.
Michael Jackson's Death Ruled a Homocide (Aug. 28): "King of Pop" Michael Jackson's June 25 death is ruled a Homicide by drug overdose. Dr. Conrad Murray, Jackson's personal physician, gave him the powerful anesthetic propofol and the sedative lorazepam on the day of his death.
September 2009
Federal Ruling: New York Discriminated Against Mentally Ill (Sept. 8): New York violated the Americans With Disabilities Act by using more than two dozen adult homes to shelter 4,300 mentally ill patients instead of smaller apartments and buildings. The ruling, by Judge Nicholas G. Garaufis, called the homes "segregated settings" that kept patients from interacting with other people in the community.
Pres. Obama Tells Students to Work Hard, Stay in School (Sept. 8): In a back-to-school address to millions of American students, broadcast online, President Obama tells children to work hard, stay in school, and take personal responsibility. The speech followed days of controversy over the President's supposed political agenda in making the speech. Schools were given the choice as to whether or not they wanted to show students the speech.
U.S. Giving More Rights to Detainees in Afghanistan (Sept. 12): The Obama administration is issuing new guidelines for detainees' rights in the Bagram Air Base, north of Kabul, Afghanistan. Detainees will have the ability to challenge their custody; the military will assign officials to each detainee, who is allowed to acquire witnesses and evidence to build a defense.
U.S. Military Chief Suggests More Troops Needed in Afghanistan (Sept. 15): U.S. military chief, Adm. Mike Mullen, suggests that the U.S. will need to send more troops into Afghanistan, despite disagreement from Democrats in Congress. Mullen did not officially request more troops, however.
Congress Votes to Rebuke Rep. Joe Wilson (Sept. 15): The House of Representatives votes 240–179 to officially rebuke outspoken Republican Representative Joe Wilson (South Carolina) for yelling, "You lie!" at President Obama during his speech on health care.
Kennedy's Temporary Senate Replacement Named (Sept. 24): Massachusetts Governor Deval Patrick names Paul Kirk, former Democratic National Committee chairman and friend of the late Ted Kennedy, as Kennedy's temporary replacement in the Senate. Voters in Massachusetts will elect a permanent replacement in January.
October 2009
Texting While Driving Banned for Federal Employees (Oct. 1): President Obama signs an executive order to ban texting while driving for Federal workers. The government also plans to ban texting while driving for bus drivers and truckers who travel across state lines.
U.S. Math Show No Improvement Since No Child Left Behind (Oct. 14): Results of the nation's most important math test for students show that achievement has not improved in the eight years since President Bush passed the No Child Left Behind law, which required 100% of students to show proficiency in math and reading by 2014. Student gains are actually slower since the program began; 39% of fourth graders and 34% of eighth graders test at proficiency this year.
Stimulus Created 30,000 Jobs So Far (Oct. 15): The Obama administration reports that businesses who have received stimulus money from the federal government have created or saved over 30,000 jobs so far. Only $2.2 billion of the $16 billion in stimulus contracts awarded by the government have been spent thus far. President Obama's goal is to save or create 3.5 million jobs over two years.
No More Federal Prosecution for Medical Marijuana (Oct. 19): The federal government announces it will no longer prosecute those who use or sell marijuana for medical reasons, if they are complying with state law. There are 14 states that currently allow medical marijuana to some extent.
Obama Announces End of Policy Banning HIV-Positive Patients From Entering U.S. (Oct. 30): President Obama announces that he is ending the policy banning patients who are HIV postive from entering the United States. He calls the law outdated and misguided, "rooted in fear rather than fact."
November 2009
Maine Voters Overturn Same-Sex Marriage Law (Nov. 3): Maine voters overturn a law allowing same-sex marriage, which had been instated by the governor of the state in May 2009. Maine is the 31st state to block same-sex marriage through a public referendum. All of the five states that currently allow same-sex marriage instituted the law via legislative action and court rulings.
NY Yankees Win World Series (Nov. 4): The New York Yankees win their 27th World Series title, and their first since 2000, against the Philadelphia Phillies. The Yankees lead the Phillies three games to two when they clinched the series with a score of 7–3. Yankees' left fielder, Hideki Matsui, wins the Most Valuable Player award. The 2009 season was the Yankees first in their new stadium.
Shooting at Fort Hood Leaves 13 Dead, 31 Injured (Nov. 5): A shooting at the Fort Hood army post in Texas left 13 dead and 31 injured. Ten of those killed are military personnel, while two are civilians. The alleged shooter is Maj. Nidal Malik Hasan, an army psychiatrist, was shot four times by an officer on the scene, but he survived the attack. Hasan's motive is unknown, though he was slated to deploy to Iraq or Afghanistan soon. (Nov. 12): Hasan is charged with 13 counts of premeditated murder; he will be tried in military court. If convicted, he could face the death penalty.
D.C. Sniper Who Killed 10 in 2002 is Executed (Nov. 10): John Allen Muhammad, known as the D.C. sniper who killed 10 people in shooting spree in the nation's capital in 2002, is executed in a Virginia prison.
Accused 9/11 Organizer Faces Civilian Trial in NY (Nov. 13): Khalid Shaikh Mohammed, the self-professed organizer of the September 11 attacks on the U.S. that killed 3,000 people, will stand trial in criminal court in Manhattan, the Obama administration announces. Attorney General Eric Holder will ask prosecutors to seek the death penalty for Mohammed and four co-conspirators. Five other detainees will be tried in military court.
Gov. Sanford Faces 37 Charges from So. Car. Ethics Board (Nov. 23): Governor Mark Sanford, who in June 2009 made headlines after a brief disappearance from office and then the admittance of an extramarital affair, is facing 37 counts of using his office for personal financial gain, brought force by the Ethics Board of the state of South Carolina. The charges are based on activities made from September 2005 until April 2009.
December 2009
Obama Sending More Troops to Afghanistan, Provides Timeline (Dec. 1): In a press conference, President Obama announces that the U.S. military will be sending an additional 30,000 troops to Afghanistan, in an attempt to prevent further Taliban insurgencies. The troop surge will begin in January 2010, and will bring the total number of American troops in Afghanistan to 100,000. Obama also outlines his plan for the removal of these troops, in a draw down that will begin in July 2011.
New York Senate Votes Down Gay Marriage Bill (Dec. 2): The New York Senate rejects a bill that would allow same-sex marriages to be licensed in the state; the vote is a decisive 38-to-24, though the majority of the senate are members of the Democratic Party, which by and large supports gay marriage. Governor David Patterson and New York City Mayor Michael Bloomberg were among key politicians in support of the bill's passage.
2009 Current Events: World News
Following are the key events in world news for the months of January-December, 2009.
January 2009
Mills Elected Ghana's President in Runoff (Jan. 2): In a very tight runoff election—following an even tighter first round on Dec. 7, 2008—John Atta Mills of the National Democratic Congress is elected President of Ghana, with 50.2% of the vote. Opponent Nana Akufo-Addo of the New Patriotic Party quickly concedes defeat, an important move considering Africa's troubled history with democratic elections.
Fighting Between Israel and Hamas Continues (Jan. 3): After over a week of intense air strikes, Israeli troops crossed the border into Gaza, launching a ground war against the militant Palestinian group, Hamas. More than 430 Palestinians and 4 Israelis have been killed since the fighting began Dec. 27, 2008. (Jan. 8): The UN declared a suspension of aid in Gaza after one driver was killed and two others wounded in stray gunfire. (Jan. 9): Despite a call from the UN for cease-fire, fighting continues in Gaza. (Jan. 15): An airstrike from Israel hit the United Nations Relief and Works Agency building in Gaza, injuring at least three people. Called a mistake by Israeli military officials, UN workers are nonetheless outraged by the attack. (Jan. 17) Israel announces unilateral cease-fire in Gaza. Hamas will continue to fight as long as Israeli troops remain in the area. At least 1,200 Palestinians and 13 Israelis have been killed during the conflict. (Jan. 18) Hamas announces cease-fire in response to Israel's promise of peace. They will allow Israeli troops a week to pull out of the country.
46 Die in Taliban Attack in Pakistan (Jan. 10–11): At least 46 Pakistani soldiers and militants at a paramilitary base were killed when hundreds of Taliban militants crossed the border of Pakistan.
Critic of Chechen President Killed (Jan. 13): Umar S. Israilov, 27, a vocal critic of President Ramzan A. Kadyrov of Chechnya, was killed while in exile in Austria. Israilov, a Chechen, had once worked as a bodyguard to President Kadyrov, but he later filed a complaint against the government, citing abduction and torture as common practice for handling insurgents and their families.
CIA Officer Accused of Rape (Jan. 28): Andrew Warren, formerly the CIA station chief in Algeria, has been accused of drugging and raping two women while he was employed by the CIA. Warren has not yet been charged with a crime, though the U.S. government is investigating the matter and has ordered Warren not to return to his post. Both women are Algerian nationals.
Provincial Elections Held in Iraq (Jan. 31): Iraq holds local elections to create provincial councils. More than 14,000 people are running for just 440 seats on councils around the country. The elections are notable for their lack of violence and the noticeably diminished role the U.S. played in their implementation. Voter turnout varies widely by area, with some regions reporting less than 50% participation and others more than 75%. Results are pending.
February 2009
Iceland Swears in First Female Prime Minister (Feb. 1): Johanna Sigurdardottir will lead an interim government until Aprilo elections. She's the first female to hold the position of prime minister in that country. Sigurdardottir is a member of Iceland's Social Democrats party; the previous prime minister is a more conservative member of the Independence Party.
Shelling near Sri Lankan Hospital Kills Nine (Feb. 1): As a result of three artillery attacks in Puthukkudiyiruppu, Sri Lanka, at least nine people are killed. The last shelling hit a ward for women and children. The Sri Lankan military is trying to take over the area, controlled by guerrillas from the rebel group Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam; it is uncertain whose blasts were the cause of the deaths.
Wildfires Kill At Least 181 in Australia (Feb. 7): The worst wildfires in Australian history kill at least 181 people in the state of Victoria, injure more than a hundred, and destroy more than 900 houses. At least 50 people are still missing. At least one of the fires is suspected to be the work of arsonists. Australian officials criticize for failing to evacuate those in danger, according to The New York Times. There will be a government inquiry into the state's response to the fires.
Fire in Beijing Destroys Hotel (Feb. 9): Illegal fireworks in Beijing, China—set off to celebrate the final day of festivities for the Lunar New Year—cause the Mandarin Oriental Hotel to catch fire. The hotel, part of China Central Television's headquarters, was under construction, leaving it more vulnerable to fire. CCTV hired the fireworks company and later apologized for the blaze. One firefighter is killed and seven people are injured.
Death Ends Right-to-Die Controversy (Feb. 9): The woman in the center of the right-to-die controversy in Italy dies "unexpectedly," according to reports. Eluana Englaro, 38, had been in a coma since 1992, following a car accident. Her father had been fighting for the right to remove her feeding tube, which was vehemently opposed by the Catholic Church, calling it euthanasia. Englaro was moved to a private clinic willing to remove the tube on February 6.
Iraq Suicide Bomber Kills Four U.S. Soldiers (Feb. 9): In the worst single loss to the American military in nine months, a suicide bomber kills four American soldiers and their Iraqi translator in the northern Iraq city of Mosul. The bomber's vehicle exploded as the soldiers' Humvee drove past. Three of the soldiers died at the scene while the other later die at a nearby hospital. Three Iraqis are also injured in the blast. (Feb. 13): A female suicide bomber kills 35 Shiite pilgrims in Baghdad, the deadliest attack in a string of bombings. Most of the dead are women and children, who were walking in an annual procession to the holy city of Karbala "to commemorate Arbaeen, which marks the end of the mourning period for Imam Hussein, grandson of the Prophet Muhammad," according to The New York Times.
Parliamentary Elections in Israel (Feb. 10): Parliamentary elections held in Israel prove inconclusive. The centrist Kadima party, led by Foreign Minister Tzipi Livni, wins 28 seats in the 120-seat Knesset, the most of any party. Netanyahu's right-wing Likud takes 27. The Labor Party fares poorly, garnering only 13 seats, behind the far-right party, Yisrael Beitenu, which takes 15. President Peres asks Netanyahu, who has the support of a block of allies on the right, to form a government; Netanyahu has six weeks to do so.
Chávez Wins Bid to End Presidential Term Limits (Feb. 15): Venezuelan President Hugo Chávez has won his bid to end presidential term limits in his country, thus allowing him to run for reelection. Already in power for a decade, Chávez may run for another six-year term in 2013, when his current term runs out. 54.4% of voters were in favor of Chávez referendum, while 45.6% voted against it, preliminary reports show.
Pakistan Agrees to Islamic Law, Taliban Truce (Feb. 16): The government of Pakistan has agreed to implement a system of Islamic law in the Swat valley and a truce with the Taliban regime. This accommodation will essentially provide the Taliban with a safe haven in the country, effectively ending Pakistan's offensive strategy against the insurgents. Taliban militants now control approximately 70% of the region. The Pakistani government claims that this truce does not infringe on their constitution, though it appears to counter U.S. demands that the country fight the militants and refuse to negotiate.
Civilian Deaths in Afghanistan Rose 40% in 2008 (Feb. 17): According to a survey conducted by the United Nations, civilian deaths in Afghanistan increased by 40% in 2008: 2,118 people last year, compared to 1,523 in 2007. This is the highest number of civilian casualities since the Taliban government was ousted in 2001. In the past, President Hamid Karzai has blamed U.S. involvement in the country for this rise in violence.
Amsterdam Plane Crash Kills Nine (Feb. 25): Turkish Airlines Flight 1951, carrying 135 passengers and crew members, crashes at 10:30 A.M., killing at least 9 people and injuring 50. It is unclear whether the pilot sent a distress signal before the crash. The plane did not catch fire and there was no inclement weather at the time of the crash. Among the dead are two pilots and one junior pilot.
March 2009
President of Guinea-Bissau Killed (March 2): President João Bernardo Vieira of the small African country of Guinea-Bissau is shot to death by army troops. The assassination is said to be retaliation for a bomb attack that killed the army chief of staff, Gen. Batista Tagme Na Wai, on March 1, which they blame on the President. The military denies that a coup is under way, stating that the president's killers are an isolated group of soldiers.
Attack on Sri Lankan Cricket Team Kills 8 in Pakistan (March 3): A group of 12 gunmen in Pakistan attack the national cricket team of Sri Lanka and their police escorts. Six policemen are killed in the attack, as well as two bystanders. Six cricketers are wounded. Cricket is the national sport of Pakistan, and its players have never been attacked while in that country, until now. Several countries' teams have refused to travel to Pakistan for games, citing their team members' safety. The Sri Lankan team is the first to travel to the country in over a year.
Arrest Warrent Issued for Sudan's President Bashir (March 4): The ICC issue an arrest warrant for the president of Sudan, Omar Hassan Ahmad al Bashir, charging him with war crimes and crimes against humanity in the Darfur region. An indictment for genocide is rejected by the court. (March 6): Bashir responds to his arrest order by threatening to shut down the 13 aid agencies that operate relief camps in Sudan and assist millions of people in Darfur. The UN says that if Bashir carries out his plan, 1.1 million people would be left without food, 1.1 million without health care, and another 1 million without water.
Two British Soldiers Dead After Shooting in Northern Ireland (March 7): Two British soldiers are gunned down and killed by the members of the Real IRA—a dissident organization of the Irish Republican Army—in Northern Ireland. Four others are seriously wounded. This is the first deadly attack on the British military in Northern Ireland since 1997. Both the Catholic and Protestant communities have condemned the attack
Suicide Bomber Kills 28 in Baghdad (March 8): A suicide bomber kills 28 people and injurs 57 when his motorcycle, laden with explosives, blows up near a Police Academy in Baghdad, Iraq. Five of the dead are police officers. (March 10): Another 33 people are killed by a suicide bomber in Baghdad, this time aimed at a group of Iraqi Army officers. The blast injurs 46 others.
Suicide Bomber Kills 14 in Sri Lanka (March 10): A suicide bomber in southern Sri Lanka kills 14 people and injured 46. The bomber struck a ceremony at a local mosque. The group responsible for the blast is reportedly the Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam.
German Gunmn Kills 15 in Shooting Rampage (March 11): Nine students and three teachers are killed when a 17-year-old gunman opens fire at a technical high school in Winnenden, Germany, near Stuttgart. The shooter flees the school, hijacks a car, and drives to the nearby town of Wendlingen. Once there, a shootout with police leaves the gunman and two bystanders dead.
Pakistan's President Agrees to Reinstate Chief Justice (March 16): Iftikhar Muhammad Chaudhry, former chief justice of the Supreme Court of Pakistan, will be reinstated by President Asif Ali Zardari. The decision is a concession to opposition leader Nawaz Sharif.
Madagascar President Ravalomanana Resigns; Rajoelina New Leader (March 17): After a bitter, three-month-long power struggle with opposition leader Andry Rajoelina, the former mayor of the capital of Madagascar, Antananariv, Marc Ravalomanana resigns as president. In an apparent coup, he hands power over to the military, which in turn transfers control to Andry Rajoelina.
Indonesian Dam Breaks, Killing at Least 60 (March 27): At least 60 people are reported dead after a dam in Jakarta, Indonesia breaks due to heavy rains. Dozens are still missing, and many more are expected to be found dead as rescue efforts continue. The breach occurrs at approximately 2 A.M., while most residents of the city were asleep.
U.S. Pledge $40 Million for Afghanistan Elections (March 30): The U.S. will give the government of Afghanistan $40 million to facilitate elections in August, announces Secretary of State Hillary Rodham Clinton. The money provided by the U.S. government will help supply the country with ballot boxes and pay ballot counters.
African Migrant Boat Sinks, Killing 200 (March 31): At least 200 illegal migrants are killed when a boat traveling from North Africa to Europe sinks off the coast of Libya, carrying 257 people. Officials from the International Organization for Migration are as yet unsure of the total number of lives lost, and attribute the capsizing to high winds and possible overcrowding on the boat.
April 2009
Sweden Legalizes Same-Sex Marriage (Apr. 1): Sweden becomes the fifth European country to legalize same-sex marriage. The law, passed by Parliament, will go into effect May 1. The other countries with the same rights are The Netherlands, Norway, Belgium and Spain.
Helicopter Crash in Scotland Kills 16 (Apr. 1): A helicopter crash in northeast Scotland kills 16 people, 14 BP oil workers and 2 crew members. The weather conditions were reportedly warm and sunny; the cause of the crash is as yet unknown.
World Leaders Commit to Pledge $1.1 Trillion for Fiscal Crisis (Apr. 2): At the Group of 20 (G-20) Summit hosted by British Prime Minister Gordon Brown in London, England, world leaders commit a total of $1.1 trillion to help stimulate economies of developing countries, encourage world trade, and more strictly regulate financial firms.
Sarkozy Offers to Take Guantánamo Bay Detainee (Apr. 3): In a meeting with U.S. President Barack Obama in France, French president Nicolas Sarkozy of France says he will take a Guantánamo Bay detainee if necessary to close the prison. Sarkozy and U.S. President Barack Obama come to the agreement after meeting in France.
North Korea Launches Rocket, Defies World Leaders (Apr. 4): North Korea launches a rocket in defiance of world leaders and resolutions from the United States, China, and the U.N. North Korea claimed the rocket launch was an effort to shoot a satellite into space, though most assume it was actually an effort to demonstrate the country's capability to deploy long-rancge missiles.
Earthquake in Italy Kills at Least 92 (Apr. 6): An earthquake of magnitude 6.3 strikes central Italy, killing at least 92 people and leaving 40,000 to 50,000 people homeless. The town of L'Aquila is the epicenter of the earthquake, but as many as 26 towns are reportedly affected. (Apr. 7): The death toll of the earthquake has rises to 235 with many still missing, said Italian prime minister Silvio Berlusconi. The number of people left homeless has been reduced to 17,000. Rescuers are still working to pull bodies from the debris.
North Korean Leader, Kim Jong-il, Takes Third Term (Apr. 9): The Parliament of North Korea elects the current leader, Kim Jong-il, to another 5-year term. This will be his third term in office. Kim Jong-il has been in failing health since his reported stroke in Aug. 2008, but the government gave no indication of who would succeed the leader should he die in office.
Iraq Suicide Bomb Kills Five U.S. Soldiers and Two Iraqis (Apr. 10): A suicide bomb in Mosul, Iraq kills 5 U.S. soldiers and 2 Iraqis, the deadliest attack against the American military in Iraq in 13 months. The truck bom detonated just outside the entrance to the American military base. At least 70 people in the area are wounded. (Apr. 23): At least 80 people are killed in three separate suicide bombings in Baghdad, Iraq. This is the largest single-day death toll due to attacks since February 2008. One of the bombings is reportedly set off by a female, who was standing among a group of women and children receiving food aid. (Apr. 24): Another 60 people are killed in two more attacks, this time set off outside the holiest Shiite site in Baghdad, the shrine of Imam Musa al-Kadhim. At least 140 people are killed and 240 wounded in Iraq in the past two days.
South Africa's Governing Party Wins Elections (Apr. 24): South Africa's ruling party, the African National Congress, achieves overwhelming support in the elections, with 67% of the vote and two-thirds of the ballots counted. Populist favorite Jacob Zuma will become the next president, despite being surrounded by controversy for years, including being accused of rape in 2006 and corruption in early 2009.
Over 100 Dead in Mexico of Swine Flu (Apr. 26): The swine flu has killed as many as 103 people in Mexico, most likely the epicenter of the worldwide outbreak. Government officials have outlawed gatherings of large groups of people in an effort to reduce the spread of the virus. Schools, churches, and stadiums have closed indefinitely. (Apr. 29): At least 150 in Mexico are dead from the swine flu. In an effort to slow the spread of the virus, the health minister of France has requested a suspension of all flights from the European Union to Mexico. While the World Health Organization maintains that flight bans will not effectively stop the disease from mushrooming, it raises its pandemic alert to 5, the second-highest level. This action indicates that the virus is a cause for concern and that all nations should prepare for a flu pandemic.
Assassination Attempt on Dutch Royal Family Leaves Five Dead (Apr. 30): A Dutchman drives his car into a crowd of people, including Queen Beatrix of The Netherlands, during a festival, leaving five dead. A dozen others are wounded. The man admits he was trying to kill the royal family. He later dies of injuries sustained in the crash.
May 2009
First Female Poet Laureate Appointed in UK (May 1): For the first time in 341 years, a woman is appointed as poet laureate of the United Kingdom. Carol Ann Duffy, 53, will take over the post from current poet laureate Andrew Motion. Though the position was traditionally appointed for life, Motion accepted a 10-year term in 1999.
Martinelli Wins Panama's Presidential Election (May 3): Wealthy businessman Ricardo Martinelli, running as a centrist independent, wins the presidential election in Panama. Martinelli earns 60% of the vote, unseating the currently ruling Democratic Revolutionary Party.
U.S. Admits Killing Civilians in Bombing (May 7): U.S. military officials admit that some of the civilian deaths in Afghanistan were caused by American bombs. Afghan officials claim 147 civilians in two villages are dead due to air raids by the U.S. military, but American officials say that amount is exaggerated.
Former South Korean President Kills Himself (May 23): Former South Korean president Roh Moo-hyun dies after jumping off a cliff in Bongha, South Korea. Roh had recently come under questioning for his involvement in a corruption scandal involving bribery, which has sent several of his relatives and aids to prison.
North Korea Conducts Second Nuclear Test (May 25): Against international warnings, North Korea announces it has conducted its second nuclear test, claiming they are boosting self-defense capabilities. The country draws criticism from nations around world. North Korea conducted its first nuclear test on October 9, 2006.
June 2009
Air France Plane Vanishes (June 1): In the worst aviation disaster since 2001, Air France Flight 447 disappears somewhere off the northeast coast of Brazil with 228 people on board, en route from Rio de Janeiro to Paris. No mayday signals were sent before the crash. (June 6): Brazilian crews discover the bodies of two men, plus personal items, in the Atlantic Ocean about 40 miles from where the cockpit last reported its position. This debris appears to be the first evidence of the missing plane.
China Blocks Tiananmen Square Commemoration (June 4): On the 20th anniversary of the violent military crackdown in Tiananmen Square that left hundreds of democratic activists dead, China tries to deter remembrance of the event. Police officers stand guard around the square, barring foreign journalists from entering. In contrast, tens of thousands of people hold a candlelight vigil in Hong Kong to mark the anniversary of the brutal killings.
North Korea Sentences U.S. Journalists to 12 Years in Prison (June 8): Two American journalists are found guilty of "illegal entry" and sentenced to 12 years in a labor prison in North Korea. Euna Lee and Laura Ling, who were employed by Current TV, were arrested in March. They were writing a story on North Korean refugees.
Elections for Parliament in European Union Give More Power to Center-Right Parties (June 7): The European Union holds elections for Parliament, with the center-right parties gaining more control. Voter turnout is a record low 43%.
Militant Strike on Pakistan Hotel Kills 11 (June 9): Militants open fire on security guards and detonate a car filled with explosives at a luxury hotel in Peshawar, Pakistan, killing 11 and wounding many more. Taliban leaders had issued threats promising violence in major cities just weeks before.
President Ahmadinejad Wins Reelection by Landslide (June 13): Iranian President Mahmoud Ahmadinejad wins his reelection campaign by a landslide victory with almost 63% of the vote, while main challenger Mir Hussein Moussavi receives just under 34% of the vote. Accusations of ballot tampering and fraud leads to wide-scale protests in Tehran. Moussavi's campaign promises, which included plans for improved human rights and a reversal of Ahmadinejad's hard-line policies, were supported by many of the younger and less conservative generations in Iran. Ahmadinejad's victory is announced just two hours after the polls close, an amazingly short period of time since Iran's paper ballots must be hand counted. (June 16): At least seven people are dead in the biggest demonstrations in Iran since the 1979 revolution. In response to national outrage, the government has agreed to recount some of the disputed votes from the election. Meanwhile, the Iranian government has revoked the press credentials of foreign journalists given access before the election. Protesters are relying on social networking sites and text messaging to communicate with others around the world about Moussavi, the election, and the demonstrations. (June 19): Ayatollah Ali Khamenei, Iran's Supreme Leader, calls the recent presidential election "fair" and claims there will be no recount. He also demands that protesters stop their demonstrations, calling them an insult to democracy. (June 21): The death toll in the Iranian protests has reached at least 17, according to state media. Police are using truncheons, tear gas, and water cannons to control the crowds, while one bystander is reportedly shot to death by the police. (June 22): The Guardian Council, Iran's oversight group, admits to irregularities in the recent presidential election, revealing that votes counted in about 50 cities exceed the number of eligible voters by 3 million. They claim the mistake does not affect the final election result, however. (June 23): Iran's General Council rejects the public's plea to annul the votes, claiming there is no evidence of fraud in the election, despite recently admitting to widespread irregularities in the final vote count. (June 30): The Guardian Council of Iran announces that the election of President Ahmadinejad is valid. They claim the recount of approximately 10% of the votes from the recent election show no indication of election fraud, solidifying Ahmadinejad's victory. President Ahmadinejad will serve his second four-year term.
Honduran President Ousted in Coup (June 28): Honduran president Manuel Zelaya is ousted by a military coup. Army soldiers stormed the presidential palace Sunday morning, waking the president, and putting him on a plane to Costa Rica. President Zelaya had faced wide-scale criticism recently for attempting to extend presidential term limits. (June 30): A group of countries, including the United States and Venezuela, sign a resolution condemning the actions of the Honduran military and demanding Zelaya be reinstated as president. Roberto Micheletti, named the interim president by the Honduran Congress, threatens Zelaya with arrest if he returns to the country.
Brazil Beats U.S. in Confederations Cup Final (June 29): In a surprising trip to the Confederations Cup final, the United States men's soccer team loses 3–2 to five-time World Cup champion Brazil. The U.S. team handed top-ranked Spain a shocking upset the previous week. This was the first trip to a FIFA tournament final for the United States.
Yemeni Jet Crashes with 153 on Board, One Survivor (June 30): Yemenia Flight 626, on its way to Comoros, crashed into the Indian Ocean in an attempt to land, leaving only one survivor, a 14-year-old girl. Severe weather and turbulence are believed to be the cause of the crash.
U.S. Hands Over Control to Iraq in Cities (June 30): As a signal of the United States' diminishing role in Iraq, and in compliance with the status of forces agreement between the U.S. and Iraq, U.S. troops completed their withdrawal from Iraqi cities, including Baghdad, and transferred the responsibility of securing the cities to Iraqi troops. Prime Minister Nouri al-Maliki names June 30 "National Sovereignty Day" and declares a public holiday.
July 2009
U.S. Military Taking Back Afghan Valley from Taliban (July 2): In an attempt to take back the Helmand River valley in southeast Afghanistan from the Taliban, 4,000 U.S. Marines and 650 Afghan troops enter the region. Nearby Pakistan deploys troops along its border to prevent insurgents from escaping the American advance.
Indian Court Overturns Gay Sex Ban (July 2): New Delhi's highest court overturns the ban on homosexuality in India. Homosexuality has been illegal in India since 1861. Court justices declare the old law to be a violation of human rights and equality outlined in India's Constitution.
Russia Opening Air Space for U.S. to Fight Afghan War (July 3): Russia will open its airspace for the United States military to use in order to fight the war in Afghanistan. President Obama will visit Russia for the first time during his presidency on July 6 and 7 to make the announcement and to meet with Russian president Dmitri A. Medvedev on nuclear arms and missile defense. (July 6): The United States and Russia reach a preliminary agreement on the issue of strategic nuclear weapons to discuss committing to lowering the legal limit of weapons in their nuclear arsenals.
Serena Williams Wins Wimbledon (July 4): Serena Williams beats her sister, Venus, in the final match of the Wimbledon women's tennis tournament, claiming her third Grand Slam victory this year. The American sisters won the doubles portion of the Wimbledon women's tournament that day as well, against Australian teammates Samantha Stosur and Rennae Stubbs.
Roger Federer Takes Wimbledon (July 5): Swiss tennis champ Roger Federer beats American Andy Roddick for the Wimbledon men's tennis title. This is his 15th Grand Slam title, breaking Pete Sampras's record.
Riots in China Leave 156 Dead (July 6): Rioting in Urumqi, China between two ethnic groups—Muslim Uighurs and Han Chinese—kills at least 156 people. Riot police lock down the Uighur portion of the city to stop the protests.
Plane Crash in Iran Kills 168 (July 15): A passenger plane operated by Caspian Airlines, flying from Iran to Armenia, crashes just after takeoff, killing all 168 people on board. Flight 7908 was reportedly attempting to make an emergency landing due to technical difficulties only 16 minutes into the trip.
Explosions at Two Indonesian Hotels Kill Eight (July 17): Two explosions, caused by suicide bombers, occurred at two nearby hotels in Jakarta, Indonesia, killing eight people and injuring at least 50. A third bomb set by the terrorists failed to detonate.
August 2009
N. Korea Pardons Imprisoned American Journalists (Aug. 4): The government of North Korea pardons two imprisoned American journalists after former President Bill Clinton visits the country and its president, Kim Jong-il. Laura Ling and Euna Lee were arrested in March and sentenced in June to 12 years in prison for "illegal entry" into the country. Clinton agreed in late July to travel to North Korea on a humanitarian mission to save the two women.
Mahmoud Ahmadinejad Inaugurated as President of Iran (Aug. 5): Controversial president Mahmoud Ahmadinejad begins his second term amid a crisis in Iran sparked by the June election that was widely condemned as rigged in Ahmadinejad's favor. The vote set off protests that resulted in mass arrests of opposition figures, journalists, and lawyers.
Taliban Leader Reportedly Killed (Aug. 5): Baitullah Mehsud, the leader of the Taliban in Pakistan, is believed to have been killed by a C.I.A. drone strike in South Waziristan, a remote region of the country. The assassination of Benazir Bhutto, the former prime minister of Pakistan, the terrorist attack on the Marriott Hotel in Islamabad, Pakistan in Sept. 2008, and dozens of other suicide bombings have been attributed to Mehsud.
Storm Sweeps Through Southeast Asia (Aug. 10): Typhoon Morakot, which started in the Philippines, causes a mudslide in a rural mountain village in southern Taiwan that buries schools, homes, and at least 600 people. The storm, which unleashed more than 80 inches of rain in three days, forces the evacuation of about 1 million people in southern China. Total number of casualties is not known.
Large-Scale Bombings Kill 95 in Baghdad (Aug. 19): Two massive bomb attacks kill at least 95 and wounds over 600 in Baghdad, Iraq. Though violence has been escalating in recent weeks, this is the worst attack in the region since the U.S. military ceded control of the security of the country back to its government, on June 30.
Lockerbie Terrorist Released to Libya on Compassionate Grounds (Aug. 20): Abdel Basset Ali al-Megrahi, the Libyan terrorist convicted of bombing of Pan Am Flight 103, which exploded over Lockerbie, Scotland in 1988 and killed 270 people, is freed from prison on compassionate grounds by Scotland's Justice Minister, Kenny MacAskill. He is suffering from terminal prostate cancer and is expected to die within three months. The White House opposes this decision, stating that Megrahi should finish his sentence in Scotland. There were 189 Americans on the Pan Am flight; the bombing is the worst instance of terrorism in British history. Megrahi was convicted of murder in 2001.
Japan's Democratic Party Ousts Liberal Democrats from Power (Aug. 30): Japan's opposition party, the Democrats, win in a landslide over the ruling Liberal Democrats, who have been in power nearly uninterrupted for a half-century. The Democratic Party increases its number of seats from 119 to 308, while the Liberal Democrats slide from 296 seats to 119. Yukio Hatoyama, who will become prime minister, has promised to lift Japan out of economic stagnation and a culture of corruption—malaise widely credited with sparking the popular backlash against the Liberal Democrats.
September 2009
Tribal Leaders Accuse Pres. Karzai of Vote Forgery (Sept. 1): The leaders of a southern Afghan tribe accuse President Hamid Karzai and his aides of vote forgery. According to the leaders of the tribe, Bariz, President Karzai's aides shut down the polling sites on election day and stuffed all of the ballot boxes with 23,900 fake votes. The tribal leaders had endorsed Karzai's competition in the election, Abdullah Abdullah, a week prior to election day. (Sept. 8): The United Nations-backed commission that is reviewing the presidential election in Afghanistan orders a recount of the votes, citing evidence of fraud. Afghan election officials, however, declare incumbent president Karzai the clear victor in the race.
Earthquake in Indonesia Kills 60 (Sept. 2): About 60 people die when a 7.1-magnitude earthquake hits the island of Java, which is the most populous area of the country.
British Court Convicts Three for Plotting to Blow Up Plane (Sept. 7): The UK government convicts three men for a 2006 plot to blow up an airplane using plastic soda bottles. Abdulla Ahmed Ali, Tanvir Hussain, and Assad Sarwar are found guilty of conspiring to kill passengers and crew members aboard seven trans-Atlantic flights. The specifics of this plot are the cause of the recent change to airline safety regulations, which forbids passengers from bringing bottles of liquid greater than 3 oz through airport security. Four other men on trial were found not guilty of the charges; a fifth was charged with conspiracy to commit murder—a charge Ali, Hussain, and Sarwar were found guilty of in Sept. 2008.
Flooding in Turkey Kills 30 (Sept. 9): More than 30 people are killed when fast-moving floods caused by heavy rain sweep through Istanbul.
Pakistan Army Linked to Deaths in Swat Valley (Sept. 14): The U.S.-supported Pakistan Army is linked to the deaths of hundreds of people in the Swat Valley, an area recently wrested from Taliban militants, now under control of the army. The Pakistan Army denies involvement, claiming that the killings are civilian-perpatrated retalitory attacks.
China Promises to Reduce Emissions (Sept. 22):Chinese president Hu Jintao announces China's intentions to reduce emissions by a "notable amount" by 2010. He also said the country would try to use more renewable and nuclear energy. This is the first time China has agreed to lower energy intensity.
U.S. and Allies Warn Iran About Nuclear Plant (Sept. 25): The United States, Britain, and France warn Iran about a secret nuclear enrichment plant being built in that country. The allies want to impose international inspections on Iran in order to ensure they aren't building illegal weapons.
Tropical Storm Ketsana Floods Philipines (Sept. 28): Almost 90 people die in and around Manila in flooding caused by Tropical Storm Ketsana, which drops about 17 inches of rain in 12 hours. The floods are Manila's worst in about 50 years.
Earthquake in Samoa and American Samoa Kills 115 (Sept. 29): An underwater 8.0-magnitude earthquake causes a tsunami in Samoa and American Samoa that kills more than 115 people.
Earthquake in Indonesia Kills 700 (Sept. 30): A 7.6-magnitude earthquake hits the island of Sumatra, leaving more than 700 people dead and thousands trapped under the rubble of collapsed buildings in the city of Padang.
October 2009
Iran Sending Enriched Uranium to Russia (Oct. 1): In talks with U.S. and other major powers, Iran agrees to send its enriched uranium to Russia and open up the newly discovered nuclear plant to international inspection. If Iran follows through with this promise, it would significantly reduce Iran's ability to produce nuclear weapons.
Rio de Janeiro Wins Bid for 2016 Olympics (Oct. 2): Rio de Janeiro, Brazil wins the bid for the 2016 Olympics and will be the first South American city to host the Games. Rio beat Chicago, Ill., for which President Obama had supported in an address to the International Olympic Committee, Tokyo, and Madrid.
Herta Müller Wins Nobel Prize in Literature (Oct. 8): Herta Müller, a Romanian-born German novelist and essayist "who, with the concentration of poetry and the frankness of prose, depicts the landscape of the dispossessed," wins the Nobel Prize in Literature. Her writing focuses on the oppression in her native country and the difficulties of political exile. (Oct. 9): President Barack Obama wins the Nobel Peace Prize for his "extraordinary efforts to strengthen international diplomacy and cooperation between peoples." Obama responds to the recognition with surprise and humility, saying that the award is a "call to action" for further cooperation around the world in the promotion of peace.
Bombings in Baghdad Kill Over 155, Deadlist Since 2007 (Oct. 25): Two suicide bombings in Baghdad, Iraq kill at least 155 people and wound 700 others. These are the deadliest attacks in the country since 2007, raise the question of the safety of Iraq, despite Prime Minister Nuri Kamal al-Maliki's recent assurances that the country is becoming safer.
14 Americans Killed in Afghanistan Helicopter Crashes (Oct. 26): Fourteen Americans—eleven American troops and three civilians—are killed in two separate helicopter crashes in Afghanistan. The casualities contribute to one of the deadliest days of the 8-year war. (Oct. 27): Eight U.S. troops are killed during several bomb attacks. Three U.N. staff members are also killed in separate attacks. These deaths make October 2009 the deadliest month for Americans for the entirety of the war.
At Least 300 Dead in Taliban Attack in Pakistan (Oct. 28):The Taliban, retaliating against an offensive by the Pakistan army in late October, launched a series of terrorist attacks that killed at least 300 people in Peshawar, Islamabad, and Lahore. The attack coincided with a visit to Pakistan by U.S. secretary of state, Hillary Rodham Clinton.
Agreement Brokered Between Honduran Pres. Zelaya and Leader Micheletti (Oct. 30): The U.S. brokered an agreement between Honduran President Manuel Zelaya and self-appointed leader of the country, Roberto Micheletti, that left Zelaya's reinstatement up to a Congressional vote, called for the establishment of a government of national unity and a truth commission, and required Zelaya to abandon a referendum on constitutional reform. Presidential elections are set for Nov. 29, but the U.S., the Organization of American States, and UN have said they will not recognize the results if the political impasse continues.
Abdullah Quitting Afghanistan Presidential Race (Oct. 31): Abdullah Abdullah withdraws from the presidential race in Afghanistan in protest of the Karzai administration's refusal to dismiss election officials accused of taking part in the widespread fraud that marred the first round of the election. Karzai will begin his second five-year term as president in November.
November 2009
Palestinian Leader Will Not Seek Reelection (Nov. 5): Palestinian President Mahmoud Abbas announces he will not seek reelection in January 2010's general and presidential elections, citing the protracted impasse between Israelis and Palestinians and the United States' failure to aggressively take steps toward negotiating a settlement. His poll numbers have been on the decline for much of 2009, with militants angered by his ongoing discussions with Israeli defense minister and former prime minister Ehud Barak and his reluctance to use force against the Israeli occupation of the West Bank. His popularity hit a new low in October, when he wavered in his response to the UN-backed Goldstone report.
Three American Hikers Accused of Espionage in Iran (Nov. 9): Three Americans arrested while hiking in Iran over the summer are accused of spying by Iranian officials. Secretary of State Hillary Rodham Clinton rebukes the accusation and calls for Iranians to release them.
Blackwater Attempted to Bribe Iraq for Civilian Deaths (Nov. 10): Top executives at Blackwater Worldwide, including company president Gary Jackson, attempted to bribe Iraqi officials after Blackwater security guards shot and killed 17 Iraqi civilians in September 2007. After Jackson approved the bribes, the money was sent to company operations in Amman, Jordan. Blackwater claims not to know whether intended recipients were given the bribes.
De Facto Leader of Honduras Agrees to Temporarily Step Aside (Nov. 19): Roberto Micheletti, the de facto leader of Honduras who ousted President Manuel Zelaya from power in June, agrees to temporarily cede power to his cabinet ministers while awaiting election day, scheduled for November 29, during which Hondurans will choose a new president. Neither Micheletti nor Zelaya are on the ballot; the two leaders are at odds over which man should lead the country during the interim period between election day and the inauguration, on January 27. Though the U.S. supported the deposed Zelaya, an accord brokered by the U.S. government in late October called for the leaders to form a coalition government during the interim. It quickly fell apart. (Nov. 29): Conservative candidate Porfirio Lobo is expected to win the presidential election in Honduras, beating his main opponent, Elvin Santos, by a wide margin.
Afghanistan President Starts Second Term (Nov. 20): Hamid Karzai is sworn in as the President of Afghanistan, marking the beginning of his second five-year term. Among his campaign promises, Karzai declares that Afghanistan's Army will have full control of the country's security within five years.
At Least 21 Killed, 22 Missing in Election-Related Violence in Philippines (Nov. 23): At least 21 men and women have been killed, and 22 are still missing, in a rash of election-related violence in the Philippines. The victims were reportedly en route to file candidacy papers for Esmael Mangudadatu, who intends to run for governor of Maguindanao, a province on the island of Mindanao. Family members of Mangudadatu are among the dead. Attacks on candidates and supporters of politicians are common during elections. (Nov. 25): The number of victims in the Philippines election killings rises to 57. Authorities voice their suspicion of a powerful clan tied to President Gloria Macapagal Arroyo; Andal Ampatuan Jr., the prime suspect in the murders, turns himself in.
Terrorist Bomb on Russian Train Kills at Least 25 (Nov. 28): A terrorist bomb planted on train tracks in Russia derails the train and kills at least 25, wounding many others.
December 2009
GM Chief Executive Fritz Henderson Resigns (Dec. 2): Fritz Henderson, the chief executive of General Motors for just eight months, announces his resignation. Though G.M. started coming out of bankruptcy over the summer, the company believes Henderson, who has worked for G.M. for 25 years, is not producing good enough results and needs a fresh perspective. He will be replaced by an interim chief executive, current chairman Edward Whitacre Jr.
G.E. Sells NBC Universal to Comcast (Dec. 3): The General Electric Company (G.E.) sells NBC Universal to Comcast, the largest cable operator in the United States, for $30 billion. Comcast will own 51% of NBC while G.E. will retain ownership of the other 49%.
Unemployment Falls to 10% in November; Economy Shed 11,000 Jobs (Dec. 4): In a surprising piece of good news, the unemployment rate in November fell to 10%, down from its peak of 10.2% in October. Employers shed only 11,000 jobs in November as well. This jobs report is the strongest since the recession began over two years ago.
Banks Will Repay More of Bailout Money Than Expected (Dec. 6): Banks and other companies that received bailout money since last year will pay back more than the Treasury Department initially expected. All but $42 billion of the $370 billion that was loaned out will be returned, officials now say. This revision could lower the government's deficit to $1.3 trillion, from the $1.5 trillion initially forecasted.
2009 Current Events: Business and Science News
Following are the key events in business and science news for the months of January-December, 2009.
January 2009
Apple Removing Music Copyright Protection (Jan. 6): Apple announces that it will begin selling music on iTunes without copyright protection, or digital rights management software (D.R.M.). Songs purchased will be playable on any music player that supports AAC files. Plus, customers will now be able to move songs freely among computers, MP3 players, and phones.
$173 Million in Checks Found in Madoff's Name (Jan. 8): In court documents, prosecutors stated that over $173 million in signed checks were found in Bernard Madoff's apartment on the day of his arrest for operating a $50 billion Ponzi scheme. They were allegedly signed and ready to be sent to family and friends. Prosecutors cite this discovery as proof that Madoff is hiding his wealth and his bail should be revoked. (Jan. 12): A judge rules that Madoff will remain on bail, despite a government request that the defendent be returned to prison due to the recent discovery of hidden assets. The ruling states that Madoff was not proven to be a flight or security risk. He will remain under house arrest.
Jobless Rates Reach 7.2% (Jan. 9): Unemployment is at a 16-year high, 7.2%, according to the Labor Department. 524,000 jobs were lost in December 2008, for a total of 2.6 million in 2008. More than 11 million Americans are currently unemployed.
Retail Stores Reveal Dismal Holiday Sales (Jan. 14): Retail stores confirm that the weak economy resulted in terrible holiday sales in 2008. Sales in November and December, which typically make up at least a quarter of annual sales, fell 2.2 percent this year—the most since the 1970s—according to the International Council of Shopping Centers. This news follows much sunnier reports from online sellers in late December. Amazon reported its best holiday season ever.
Jobs Announces Leave of Absence from Apple (Jan. 14): Apple CEO Steve Jobs is taking a leave of absence until June, according to a letter to employees. In response to concern about his noticeable weight loss, Jobs announced last week that he was suffering from a hormone deficiency. His health problems are more serious than previously thought, he says now.
Gannett Asks Employees to Take Furlough (Jan. 14): The nation's largest newspaper publisher, Gannett Company, is asking its employees to take a week long furlough in an effort to save money and prevent large-scale layoffs. The company employs about 31,000 people in the U.S. and publishes newspapers across the country, including USA Today. A memo states there will be no hardship exceptions, though unionized employees would not be eligible. Employees will not be able to do any work-related activity during that period, including checking email and returning phone calls.
Citigroup Posts Loss; Confirms Company Split (Jan. 16): Citigroup will divide into two businesses, Citicorp and Citi Holdings, after posting a loss of $8.29 billion in the fourth quarter.
Circuit City to Liquidate, Close Remaining Stores (Jan. 16): Circuit City, the electronics retailer, announced they will be shutting down their stores and liquidating. This comes after the company filed for bankruptcy in November.
Microsoft Laying Off Employees (Jan. 22): Following a drop in profits and demand, Microsoft announces it will lay off up to 5,000 employees. Experts expect the sale of PCs, a major component of Microsoft's inventory, will drop 8% in 2009. Sales of the Windows operating system fell 8% last year.
Pfizer Acquires Wyeth for $68 Billion (Jan. 28): Pfizer, one of the biggest drug companies in the world, has bought the drug company Wyeth for $68 billion. The acquisition is one of the biggest ever inside the drug industry. This information comes after Pfizer announced it would be laying off about 8,400 employees.
February 2009
Macy's Cutting 7,000 Jobs (Feb. 2): Department store Macy's announces it will be cutting approximately 7,000 jobs in the coming weeks—4% of its workforce. Dividends to shareholders and contributions to employees' retirement benefits will also be reduced.
Pay Cap for Executives in Bailouts (Feb. 4): President Obama will place a $500,000 cap on executive salaries for those companies receiving bailout money. Executives will also be barred from receiving bonuses in the form of liquid assets. This announcement comes after the revelation that companies receiving government money under the bailout package had awarded billions of dollars in bonuses to executives and employees.
Historic Job Loss in January; Unemployment Rate 7.6% (Feb. 6):January 2009 saw 598,000 jobs lost, the highest number since December 1974, which brings the total number of jobs lost to 1.8 million in just three months. The unemployment rate jumped to 7.6%, up from the 7.2% rate in December 2008.
Senate Approves Stimulus Plan (Feb. 10): In a 61–37 vote, mostly along party lines, the Senate approves President Obama's $838 billion stimulus plan. This vote follows last week's House vote to approve a similar $820 billion measure. The two plans will have to be reconciled before the plan can be sent to President Obama for final approval. (Feb. 12): Congress reaches a deal on the stimulus plan, whittling it down to $787 billion. Three Republicans in the Senate played a crucial role in the final plan, forcing around $30 billion to be removed from the outline. Approximately $70 billion in tax cuts were also necessary for their support. (Feb. 17): President Obama has signed the $787 billion stimulus package into law. The president's hope is that the package will create 3.5 million jobs for Americans in the next two years. Most Republican lawmakers voice dissent over the package, claiming it contains too much "pork-barrel" spending and not enough tax cuts. Many economists disagree, saying even more spending and fewer tax cuts are the only way to create jobs and lead the U.S. out of the recession.
Vaccinations Not Cause of Autism, Court Declares (Feb. 12): A special court rules that vaccinations do not cause autism, in the civil case of three families seeking compensation from the federal vaccine-injury fund. The families claim their children's autism was brought on as a result of their vaccination against measles, mumps, and rubella, or the M.M.R. vaccine. The judge claims that the families have failed to prove that a link exists between vaccines and autism, and that scientific evidence refutes any connection. More than 5,000 claims have been filed in this matter.
Japan in Worst Financial Crisis Since WWII (Feb. 16): Japan's gross domestic product fell at a 12.7% annual rate in the last quarter of 2008, according to the country's economic and fiscal policy minister. Japan's economy relies heavily on automobile and electronics exports, the demand for which has fallen sharply around the world.
Facebook's New Terms of Use Cause Backlash (Feb. 16): Recent changes to Facebook's terms of use causes an uproar among consumer advocacy groups, including the blog Consumerist.com. The new terms stipulate that the social networking site owns the rights to all materials users post on their personal Websites. Facebook's founder, Mark Zuckerberg, states that users always retain the rights to their own content and that the site does not wish to change that. (Feb. 18): Following the uproar over ownership of user-generated content—including a formal legal complaint by consumer groups—Facebook removes unclear wording about the site's right to members' materials. They are temporarily restoring the previous version of the membership contract.
Automakers Request Additional $14 Billion in Bailout Funds (Feb. 17): American automaking giants General Motors and Chrysler ask for an additional $14 billion from the government—bringing their total request to $39 billion—to prevent them from going bankrupt. They claim they will be making more drastic cuts, including closing plants (and laying off workers) and cutting production of certain brands in their lineup.
President Obama Reveals $75 Billion Housing Plan (Feb. 18): President Obama announces his $75 billion plan to help struggling homeowners. The plan is intended to help homeowners refinance their mortgage and prevent foreclosure. He also claims that the plan will help housing prices return to earlier values and improve struggling neighborhoods. The plan has drawn praise from housing and economic experts, as well as consumer advocates.
Stocks Dive for Fifth Straight Day; Lowest Levels Since 1997 (Feb. 23): The Dow Industrial Average and the S & P 500, the two major indexes of the U.S. Stock Market, fall to their lowest levels since 1997. Investors are worrying the government's efforts to prevent the economy from crashing further aren't sufficient. The Dow dropped 3.4% and the S & P 500 fell 3.5%.
GDP Dropped 6.2% at End of 2008 (Feb. 27): In the fourth quarter of 2008, the American Gross Domestic Product, the measure of a nation's total economic activity, shrank by 6.2%. This figure is much worse than the initial estimate of 3.8%. The economy grew 1.1% over the entirety of 2008.
March 2009
A.I.G. Posts $61 Billion Loss, Receiving More Bailout Funds (March 2): Insurance giant American International Group reports a $61.7 billion loss for the fourth quarter of 2008. For the year, A.I.G. lost $99.3 billion. The federal government, which has already provided the company with a $60 billion loan, will be giving A.I.G. an additional $30 billion, making it the largest company loan the government has provided during the bailout. (March 14): A.I.G. announces they will pay top executives more than $165 million in bonuses this week, despite having received $170 billion in bailout funds from the U.S. government. The company claims the bonuses were promised in contracts and are no longer negotiable. Nearly 80% of A.I.G. is now owned by the federal government. (March 16): President Obama has asked Treasury Secretary Timothy Geithner to pursue all "legal avenues" in order to block the bonuses to A.I.G. executives. Among other techniques the Treasury will employ, they will write new requirements into the government aid. (March 23): New York Attorney General Andrew Cuomo claims most large bonuses paid to A.I.G. executives and top earners, totalling approximately $50 million, will be repaid. Much of the returned money comes from U.S. employees, with many overseas employees declining to return their bonuses.
Unemployment Rate Hits 8.1%; 651,000 Jobs Lost in February (March 6): Unemployment in the U.S., which has been steadily growing for several months, reaches 8.1% in February 2009. This is the highest rate since 1983, and an additional .5% over January. There were 651,000 reported jobs lost last month, slightly down from 655,000 in January.
Stock Market Sees Biggest Day of 2009 (March 10): The Dow Jones Industrial Average gained 379 points and the S. & P. 500 rose 6.4%. The biggest one-day trading growth of the year came after a memo from Citigroup revealed the bank was once again making money. A speech by Ben Bernanke, chairman of the Federal Reserve, calling for broad reforms of the financial regulatory system also helped increase optimism.
Madoff Will Plead Guilty; Faces Life in Prison (Mar. 10): Bernard Madoff's lawyer told the federal judge overseeing the case that Madoff will plead guilty to all criminal charges against him. Madoff is accused of operating a massive Ponzi scheme, defrauding his many clients out of billions of dollars over the past 20 years. (Mar. 12): After pleading guilty to all charges against him, Madoff is sent to jail to await sentencing. Madoff is charged with 11 counts of fraud, money laundering, perjury and theft. The judge revoked bail and remanded the financial swindler due to his relatively high flight risk. Sentencing will take place June 16. Madoff faces a maximum of 150 years in prison.
G.M.'s Chief, Rick Wagoner, Resigning (March 29): Rick Wagoner, chief executive of U.S. auto giant General Motors, is resigning at the request of the Obama administration. Wagoner, a G.M. employee since 1977 and chief executive since 2000, has seen G.M. through a rapid economic decline in recent years. The company lost $30.9 billion in 2008 and has requested billions in federal aid as part of the stimulus package. (March 30): In an address to the U.S. auto industry, President Obama explains that his request for Wagoner's resignation is a reflection of G.M.'s need for a new vision in the coming years. He also reveals that another failing auto company, Chrysler, must form a partnership with Italian automaker Fiat by April 30 before the federal government will agree to more financial aid. Obama explains that these two moves are part of a larger plan to revamp the auto industry in America. G.M. and Chrysler must abide by Obama's new outlines to radically restructure their companies, or face bankruptcy.
April 2009
Unemployment Rate Reaches 8.5%; 663,00 Jobs Lost in March (Apr. 3): The government reports another 663,000 jobs lost in March 2009, bringing the total jobs lost during the current recession to 5.1 million. The Bureau of Labor Statistics also announces that unemployment in the U.S. has reached 8.5%. January's job loss was 741,000, up from the original estimate of 655,000.
Japan Will Spend $99 Billion on Stimulus (Apr. 6): Japan plans to spend more than 10 trillion yen ($99.3 billion) in new stimulus measures to improve the faltering economy. Japan has the world's second-largest economy, and is deep in recession.
Sallie Mae Bringing 2,000 Jobs to U.S. from Overseas (Apr. 6): Student loan lender Sallie Mae announces it will be bringing 2,000 jobs currently overseas back to the United States. The lender plans to shift some of its overseas call centers, plus other technology positions, to U.S. locations—good news for the millions of the currently unemployed Americans.
Financial Giants Posting Profits for First Quarter (Apr. 16): American banks Goldman Sachs, JPMorgan Chase, and Wells Fargo are all posting profits for the first quarter of the year. Goldman Sachs expects to return the money borrowed from the government as part of the stimulus plan, though some experts say it will be better to wait until more banks are stable.
Freddie Mac CFO Commits Suicide (Apr. 22): David B. Kellermann, the chief financial officer at floundering mortgage giant Freddie Mac, hangs himself. An employee of the company for 16 years, Kellermann was promoted to CFO in September 2008, at the same time the business was experiencing significant financial problems and was consequently taken over by the U.S. Treasury Department. Kellermann was 41; he had a wife and five-year-old daughter.
U.S. Treasury Tells Chrysler to Prepare for Bankruptcy (Apr. 23): The U.S. Treasury Department asks the struggling auto company Chrysler, the third largest in the U.S., to prepare to file Chapter 11 bankruptcy, possibly as soon as next week. Chrysler, which was taken over by the government last month, has until April 30 to form a deal with Italian automaker Fiat in order to receive more government financing. However, if Chrysler files for bankruptcy, they would be under bankruptcy protection when Fiat takes over. (Apr. 30): Chrysler files for bankruptcy protection while entering into a partnership agreement with Fiat. It is the first time since 1933 that an American automaker has been forced to restructure under bankruptcy protection.
GM Cutting 23,000 Jobs, Ending Pontiac Brand (Apr. 27): General Motors announces it will cut 23,000 jobs by 2011, drop the Pontiac brand next year, and cut its dealer network by 40%. GM is taking these steps in an attempt to avoid bankruptcy, though it has lost billions of dollars in recent years.
U.S. Economy Contracts 6.1% in First Quarter (Apr. 29): The U.S. economy contracted an additional 6.1% in the first quarter of the year. Despite predictions that the economy will continue to fall in the second quarter, the Federal Reserve sees signs that overall, the economy is becoming more stable and will start to level out by the end of the year.
May 2009
FDA Warns of Danger of Diet Drug Hydroxycut, Suggests Stopping Use (May 1): The Food and Drug Administration warns dieters to stop using Hydroxycut immediately, due to serious health problems associated with the weight-loss drug. Almost two dozen cases of serious liver damage and one death have been attributed to the drug. The company that makes Hydroxycut has agreed to recall 14 of its products.
Stress Tests: U.S. Banks Need Extra $75 Billion in Capital (May 7): Government-issued stress tests on the nation's 19 largest banks reveal that the financial system needs to raise an additional $75 billion in extra capital by November. These results are better than the industry once feared.
U.S. Loses 539,000 Jobs in April; Unemployment Reaches 8.9% (May 8): The Bureau of Labor Statistics reports that 539,000 jobs were lost in April 2009, and unemployment hit 8.9%. Though both numbers are dreadfully high, they are slightly better than expected, leading experts to believe that the recession is nearing its end.
European Commission Fines Intel $1.45 Billion in Antitrust Case (May 13): The European Commission fines Intel Corporation, the leading maker of semiconductor chips, 1.06 billion euros ($1.45 billion) for distorting market competition and misleading consumers on the availability of chips by other makers. This is the largest fine ever levied in Europe for breaking anticompetition laws.
Chrysler to Shut Down 25% of Its Dealers (May 14): Chrysler automotive company, which filed for bankruptcy last month, announces plans to shut down a quarter of its dealers across the country, in an effort to downsize the company and reduce costs. In total, 789 dealers will be closed, which represents 187,000 jobs. (May 15): Car maker General Motors announces it will not be renewing the franchises of 1,100 of its dealers across the country in an attempt to cut costs and avoid bankruptcy, Chrysler's recent fate. G.M. has cut thousands of jobs and eliminated its Pontiac brand in recent weeks.
Scientists Unveil "Missing Link" in Human Ancestry (May 19): Scientists unveil the fossilized remains of a 47-million-year-old primate, allegedly the ancestor of humans, as well as other modern primates. Nicknamed "Ida" after a scientist's daughter, the fossil is the first discovery of its kind—it is almost completely intact. The fossil was discovered in Germany in 1983, but was kept in private collections and only recently analyzed by scientists. "Lucy," the oldest and best-preserved skeleton of a hominid (two-footed, humanlike primate) is only 3.2 million years old.
Global Financial Crisis Hits South Africa (May 26): For the first time since 1992, South Africa went into a recession. The South African economy contracted 6.4% in the first three months of 2009. The downturn is a result of shrinking business in the manufacturing and mining industries.
June 2009
General Motors Files for Bankruptcy, Plans to Close 14 Plants (June 1): General Motors files for bankruptcy and announces it will close 14 plants in the United States. G.M. celebrated its 100th anniversary last year and is still the largest automaker in the U.S.
U.S. Unemployment Reaches 9.4% (June 4): The U.S. government reports that the country's unemployment rate is 9.4%—the highest it's been in 26 years. Job losses slowed down in June 2009, but the number of people actively seeking employment rose. Since December 2007, six million jobs have disappeared in the United States and 14.5 million Americans are unemployed.
S.E.C. Accuses Countrywide Ex-Chief of Fraud (June 4): The Securities and Exchange Commission charges former Countrywide chief executive, Angelo R. Mozilo, with fraud due to improper mortgage lending practices and illegal insider trading.
Ten Banks Allowed to Start Repaying Bailout Money (June 9): After passing their government-applied stress tests and lobbying the government, the Treasury Department gives 10 banks permission to start repaying funds given to them during the federal bailout.
White House Appoints Executive Pay Czar (June 10): The Treasury Department appoints a new czar to executive pay. Kenneth R. Feinberg, a Washington, D.C. lawyer, will oversee the compensation of the employees of seven major American companies.
Madoff Sentenced to 150 Years in Prison (June 29): Bernard Madoff, the perpetrator of a multibillion-dollar Ponzi scheme, is sentenced to 150 years in prison, the maximum sentence. The judge will decide how the victims of the investment fraud will be repaid in approximately three months.
July 2009
Unemployment Rate Reaches 9.5%; 467,000 Jobs Lost in June (July 2): The Labor Department reports an unemployment increases from 9.4% in May to 9.5% in June 2009. There are 467,000 jobs lost in June, topping estimates by 100,000.
Court Allows G.M. Restructuring (July 5): In a move approved by a federal judge, General Motors will sell its best assets to a government-supported company. The sale and restructuring will ensure the company clears bankruptcy court according to the timeline afforded by the federal government.
Goldman Sachs Posts Huge Profit (July 14): Just months after repaying the bailout money provided by the government, Goldman Sachs posts a profit of $3.44 billion for the second quarter of the year. The company had borrowed $10 billion in federal aid. (July 16): JP Morgan Chase posts a profit of $2.7 billion, a 36% increase over last year. (July 17): Bank of America and Citigroup post $3.2 billion and $4.3 billion profit, respectively, for the second quarter of 2009. Like the recent reports from Goldman Sachs and JP Morgan Chase, these profits exceed the expectation of financial analysts. The earnings of these two banks, however, are related to recent sales of many of their assets.
Microsoft and Yahoo Agree to Collaborate on Internet Search, Advertising (July 29): Major technology companies Microsoft and Yahoo make a deal to collaborate on Internet search and advertising, in the hopes of more effectively competing with their biggest rival, Google.
August 2009
Cash for Clunkers Program Extended (Aug. 6): The Senate votes 60–37 to provide another $2 billion for the "cash for clunkers" government program, and President Obama signs the legislation into law. The program provides monetary incentives to car owners who replace existing vehicles with cars that have a better fuel efficiency. The original version of the program ran out of funding within a few days.
Economy Sheds 247,000 Jobs in July (Aug. 7): Though the 247,000 jobs lost in the month of July is a huge number, it is the smallest number of jobs lost in a month since August 2008. Unemployment in the U.S. dropped slightly, from 9.5% to 9.4%, likely because many people have stopped searching for jobs. Experts suggest that these numbers indicate the economy is currently in recovery mode.
Projected 10-Year Deficit at $9 Trillion (Aug. 25): The Obama administration's Office of Management and Budget projects that the budget deficit in 10 years will be $9 trillion, $2 trillion more than the last estimated projection, made in February. According to President Obama, the difference lies in the severity of the recession, which is deeper than initially expected.
Obama Nominates Bernanke for Second Term (Aug. 25): President Obama nominates Ben Bernanke, Republican chairman of the Federal Reserve, for his second term. Bernanke was a member of President George W. Bush's administration, hired in 2006.
September 2009
Federal Reserve Cites Evidence of Slow Economic Recovery (Sept. 9): The Federal Reserve releases a survey that concludes that the economy is showing signs of slow recovery. Credit conditions and retail sales remain down, but other aspects of the economy, such as employer hiring in some markets, are improving.
Swine Flu Vaccine Available in October (Sept. 18): A vaccine for the 2009 H1N1 virus (also known as swine flu) will be available ahead of schedule, in early October. The vaccine will only be available in nosespray form, which is not considered safe for pregnant women, people over 50, or those with asthma, heart disease, or other serious health problems. However, an injectable form of the vaccine will be available soon after, though a release date has not been given.
Bank of America and Chase Revise Fee Policies (Sept. 22): Following national criticism over the fee programs for debit card users, Bank of America and JPMorgan Chase announce they will reduce or eliminate fees, adjust credit schedules, and allow customers to opt out of overdraft protection.
First Successful HIV Vaccine Created (Sept. 24): For the first time, scientists have created a vaccine that seems to reduce the risk of contracting the AIDS virus. Scientists combined two unsuccessful vaccines to create a new version, given to 16,000 volunteers in Thailand. Those given the vaccine during the study reduced their risk of contracting HIV by more than 31 percent. The strain of the virus used in the vaccine is one commonly found in that country. Scientists are unsure whether they can recreate the results with a different strain.
Bank of America CEO Resigns (Sept. 30): Kenneth D. Lewis, chief executive of Bank of America, resigns after 30 years. Lewis's retirement is shadowed by controversy concerning his recent takeover at Merrill Lynch.
October 2009
Skeleton of Oldest Human Ancestor Discovered (Oct. 1): A fossil skeleton of the species Ardipithecus ramidus, has been discovered. Nicknamed "Ardi," its age is estimated at 4.4 million years, making it older than Lucy (the next-oldest and best-preserved skeleton of a hominid, and 3.2 million years old) and the oldest specimen from the human branch of the primate group categorization. Ardi, an adult female, was four-feet tall, 120 pounds, and walked upright on two legs. Fragments of the specimen were first discovered in 1992; scientists were waiting for more pieces of the skeleton before conducting the necessary research and publishing their findings.
General Motors Phasing Out Saturn Line (Oct. 1): In a surprising turn of events, General Motors announces it will shut down the Saturn line of cars after Penske Automotive Group cuts off talks to acquire the automotive brand. Saturn's 350 dealerships around the country will close.
Economy Shed 263,000 Jobs in September; Unemployment Reaches 9.8% (Oct. 2): Though financial experts maintain that the recession is recovering, the economy shed 263,000 jobs in September. Unemployment increased from 9.7% to 9.8%. However, the rate at which the economy is worsening has lightened significantly over the year.
Three U.S. Scientists Awarded Nobel Prize in Medicine (Oct. 5): Americans Elizabeth H. Blackburn, Carol W. Greider and Jack W. Szostak win the Nobel Prize in Medicine for their research on the connections between chromosomes and cancer. Only 10 women have ever won the prize in medicine. (Oct. 6): Three Americans, Charles K. Kao, Willard S. Boyle, and George E. Smith, win the Nobel Prize in Physics for their work developing fiber-optic cable and inventing the "eye" in digital cameras. (Oct. 12): Two Americans are awarded the Nobel Prize for Economics: Elinor Ostrom for "her analysis of economic governance, especially the commons," and Oliver E. Williamson for "his analysis of economic governance, especially the boundaries of the firm."
Pay Cuts Ordered for Top Banking Executives (Oct. 21): The Obama administration orders pay cuts for the top-paid employees at those banks that received the most stimulus money. The top 25 earners at seven of the companies that received the most tax-payer money will be given cut in compensation up to 50%.
Obama Declares H1N1 Flu a National Emergency (Oct. 24): President Obama declares the outbreak of the H1N1 flu virus, also called swine flu, a national emergency. This step will allow hospitals and local governments execute disaster preparation plans and set up alternative treatment locations if they should face a rapid influx of patients sick with the disease.
U.S. Economy Grew in Third Quarter (Oct. 29): The U.S. gross national product grew at an annual rate of 3.5% in the third quarter, the first growth the nation has seen in over a year.
November 2009
Government Expands Aid to Unemployed and Homebuyers (Nov. 5): The U.S. government, in separate actions, moved to expand economic aid to the unemployed, first-time homebuyers, and homeowners facing foreclosure. The Deed for Lease program created by Fannie Mae will allow homeowners facing eviction to stay in their homes as tenants for a year. The government will also extend benefits for the long-time unemployed. A major tax break for first-time homebuyers, which is supposed to expire at the end of November, will be extended until the spring of 2010. A new tax credit for homebuyers who have been in their current home for at least 5 years will also go into effect.
Unemployment Rate Reaches 10.2% (Nov. 6): Unemployment reaches the highest rate in 26 years, hitting 10.2% in October. While many economists claim the recession is ending, and the G.D.P. grew in the third quarter for the first time in a year, the number of jobless in the U.S. continues to rise. A broader measure of unemployment, which includes unemployed, underemployed, and discourage workers, stands at 17.5%. This number is tracked by the Labor Department.
Water Discovered on Moon (Nov. 13): Scientists find water on the moon during NASA's Lcross satellite. The Lcross mission, the goal of which was to look for water, was comprised of two parts: a satellite crash into a crater near the moon's south pole, and a spacecraft that measured the findings of that crash. At least 26 gallons of water were found. Scientists have long suspected the presence of water on the moon, but these findings demonstrate the possibility of sustainable human life there.
Mammograms Recommended for Women at Age 50, Not 40 (Nov. 16): According to a new study, researchers now recommend that women wait until the age of 50 to begin breast cancer screening with mammograms, instead of age 40, as has been recommended in the past. The new guidelines do not apply to women with certain risk factors for breast cancer, such as a family history of the disease. The new recommendations are aimed at preventing unnecessary surgeries. The research group, United States Preventive Services Task Force, also encourage doctors to stop instructing patients to perform self-examinations. (Nov. 18): The Obama administration, acknowledging the new mammogram guidelines for women between the ages of 40 and 50, announces that government insurance programs will still cover mammograms for women beginning at age 40. (Nov. 20): Changes to the guidelines for Pap smears, the physical exam that checks for cervical cancer, are released, with researchers recommending that women wait until the age of 21, or within three years of becoming sexually active, to begin the tests. Guidelines formerly recommended that women begin the tests at the age of 18. The advice, made by the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists, is meant to reduce unnecessary screenings and potentially harmful treatment. Though this research is in no way related to the recent mammogram examination study, researchers admit that the timing of its release is unfortunate and extremely coincidental.
December 2009
GM Chief Executive Fritz Henderson Resigns (Dec. 2): Fritz Henderson, the chief executive of General Motors for just eight months, announces his resignation. Though G.M. started coming out of bankruptcy over the summer, the company believes Henderson, who has worked for G.M. for 25 years, is not producing good enough results and needs a fresh perspective. He will be replaced by an interim chief executive, current chairman Edward Whitacre Jr.
G.E. Sells NBC Universal to Comcast (Dec. 3): The General Electric Company (G.E.) sells NBC Universal to Comcast, the largest cable operator in the United States, for $30 billion. Comcast will own 51% of NBC while G.E. will retain ownership of the other 49%.
Unemployment Falls to 10% in November; Economy Shed 11,000 Jobs (Dec. 4): In a surprising piece of good news, the unemployment rate in November fell to 10%, down from its peak of 10.2% in October. Employers shed only 11,000 jobs in November as well. This jobs report is the strongest since the recession began over two years ago.
Banks Will Repay More of Bailout Money Than Expected (Dec. 6): Banks and other companies that received bailout money since last year will pay back more than the Treasury Department initially expected. All but $42 billion of the $370 billion that was loaned out will be returned, officials now say. This revision could lower the government's deficit to $1.3 trillion, from the $1.5 trillion initially forecasted.
Deaths of 2009
- Alfonsín, Raúl, Argentine politician
- Wayne Allwine, voice of Mickey Mouse
- Annenberg, Leonore, philanthropist
- Arthur, Bea, actress
- Baines, Gertrude, oldest person in the world
- Ballard, J.G., writer
- Bausch, Pina, German dancer and choreographer
- Blanchard, Felix (Doc), football player
- Borlaug, Norman, agronomist
- Carradine, David, actor
- Carroll, James (Jim), poet, punk rocker
- Cronkite, Walter, news anchor
- Cunningham, Merce, dancer and choreographer
- Daly, Chuck, basketball coach
- DeLuise, Dom, actor and comedian
- Donald, David Herbert, historian
- Dominick, Dunne, journalist, novelist
- Fawcett, Farrah, actress
- Fidrych, Mark, baseball player
- Foote, Horton, playwright and screenwriter
- Foss, Lukas, composer, pianist and conductor
- Franklin, John Hope, historian
- Fuller, Millard, Founder of Habitat for Humanity
- Gauntlett, Rob, British adventuer
- Gelbart, Larry, comedy writer
- Gwathmey, Charles, architect
- Hansen, Clifford, former U.S. senator
- Harvey, Paul, radio personality
- Hewitt, Don, television producer and journalist
- Hughes, John, writer and director
- Hughes, Nicholas, son of poets Ted Hughes and Sylvia Plath
- Jackson, Michael, mucisian
- Jeanne-Claude, artist
- Kemp, Jack, U.S. politician and government official
- Kennedy, Edward, U.S. senator
- Kim, Dae Jung, former president of South Korea
- Knopf, Alfred A., Jr., publisher
- Kolff, Willem J., pioneering doctor
- Kramer, Jack, tennis player
- Krisol, Irving, neoconservative politcal commentator
- Lang, Pearl, dancer and choreographer
- Lawrence, Andrea Mead, Olympic champion skier
- Lévi-Strauss, Claude, French anthropologist
- Malden, Karl, actor
- Mazer, Norma Fox, novelist
- McCourt, Frank, author
- McGoohan,
Patrick, British actor
- McMahon,
Ed, television personality
- McNair,
Steve, NFL quaterback
- McNamara,
Robert, U.S. Secretary of Defense
- Merckle,
Adolf, German billionaire
- Montalban, Ricardo, actor
- Moo-hyun, Roh, South Korean politician
- Murphy, Brittany, actress
- Novak, Robert, political commentator
- O'Horgan,
Tom, theater and film director
- Paul,
Les, musician and inventor
- Penn,
Irving, photographer
- Pell, Claiborne, former U.S. Senator from Rhode
Island
- Richardson, Natasha, actress
- Roberts, Oral, evangelist
- Safire, William, journalist and speechwriter
- Sales, Soupy, comedian
- Samuelson, Paul, economist
- Schulberg, Budd, writer
- Kennedy Shriver, Eunice, advocate for the mentally and physically disabled
- Silver, Ron, actor and activist
- Sizer, Theodore, educatotion-reform advocate
- Swayze, Patrick, actor
- Taylor, Koko, blues singer
- Tiller, George, abortion doctor
- Travers, Mary, folk singer
- Travolta,
Jett, son of actors John Travolta and Kelly Preston
- Updike, John, Novelist and critic
- Whitmore, James, character actor
- Wyeth,
Andrew, celebrated American painter
- Yow, Kay, women's basketball coach
|
